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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">periodontology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пародонтология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Parodontologiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3759</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1726-7269</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Periodontal Association (RPA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33925/1683-3759-2024-1013</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">periodontology-1013</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль взаимодействия микробиоты и эпителиального барьера в патогенезе воспалительных заболеваний пародонта: систематический обзор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of microbiota and epithelial barrier interaction in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases: a systematic review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6619-8328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кейцлер</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Keitsler</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кейцлер Мария Игоревна, аспирант кафедры терапевтической стоматологии и пародонтологии</p><p>127006, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria I. Keitsler, DDS, PhD student, Department of the Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology</p><p>Dolgorukovskaya St., 4, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127006</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mari.keytsler@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4527-7471</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слажнева</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Slazhneva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Слажнева Екатерина Сергеевна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры терапевтической стоматологии и пародонтологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina S. Slazhneva, DMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of the Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katushkor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6788-4945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Островская</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostrovskaya</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Островская Ирина Геннадьевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры биологической химии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Ostrovskaya, DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Department of the Biochemistry</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostvavir@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4141-1370</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атрушкевич</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Atrushkevich</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Атрушкевич Виктория Геннадьевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой терапевтической стоматологии и пародонтологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria G. Atrushkevich, DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">atrushkevichv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>366</fpage><lpage>377</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кейцлер М.И., Слажнева Е.С., Островская И.Г., Атрушкевич В.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кейцлер М.И., Слажнева Е.С., Островская И.Г., Атрушкевич В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Keitsler M.I., Slazhneva E.S., Ostrovskaya I.G., Atrushkevich V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/1013">https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/1013</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Воспалительные заболевания пародонта занимают актуальную позицию в значимых вопросах современной стоматологии в связи с высоким уровнем распространенности гингивита и пародонтита во всем мире. Цель данной работы – систематизация данных научной литературы о роли механизма повышения эпителиальной проницаемости десневой борозды в патогенезе воспалительных заболеваний пародонта, а также некоторых особенностях взаимодействия микробиоты и эпителиального барьера.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ научных статей и оригинальных исследований из баз данных PubMed, Google Search и eLIBRARY, где было найдено 1536 публикаций, опубликованных с 2004 по 2024 год. Отобрано 53 публикации, среди которых встречались исследования in vivo, in vitro и обзорные статьи. Данные отобранных статей изложены в этом обзоре.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Все больше данных свидетельствует о том, что нарушения микробиоты слизистой оболочки могут модулировать врожденные и адаптивные иммунные реакции. Полезные бактерии могут либо индуцировать антимикробные защитные механизмы через иммунный ответ хозяина, либо проявлять прямую активность в отношении патогенов, разрушающих барьер. Процесс эпителиально-мезенхимальной трансформации является важным механизмом, благодаря которому эпителиальные клетки изменяют фенотип, потеряв свои характерные свойства. В результате данных изменений может произойти разрушение базальной мембраны и нарушение целостности эпителиального барьера, что способствует образованию пародонтального кармана и проникновению патогенных микроорганизмов в ткани ротовой полости. В этом процессе немаловажная роль отводится межклеточным соединениям и плотным контактам, которые являются важными структурами для поддержания стабильности физиологических функций клеток.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Нарушение функции эпителиального барьера, а именно его проницаемости, способствует инфильтрации микробных патогенов и может привести к хорошо скоординированному дисбактериозу, который усиливает повреждение эпителиальных клеток десневой борозды и развитию воспалительного процесса в пародонте. Оценивая повышенную проницаемость эпителиального барьера десневой борозды пародонта, необходимо учитывать такие факторы, как присутствие конкретных пародонтопатогенов и их метаболитов, наличие определенных белков плотных контактов, а также генетический аспект.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Periodontitis and gingivitis are a significant concern in modern dentistry due to the persistently high global prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis. This study aims to review and systematize current scientific knowledge regarding the role of increased epithelial permeability in the gingival sulcus in the pathogenesis of these diseases. It also explores key aspects of the interaction between the oral microbiota and the epithelial barrier.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. A systematic analysis of scientific articles and original research was conducted using the PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLIBRARY databases. From an initial pool of 1,536 publications spanning 2004 to 2024, 53 articles were selected, comprising in vivo and in vitro studies as well as review articles. The findings from these studies are summarized in this review.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Emerging evidence indicates that disturbances in the mucosal microbiota can modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. Beneficial bacteria may trigger antimicrobial defense mechanisms through host immune responses or directly counteract periodontopathogens that compromise the epithelial barrier. Epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical mechanism through which epithelial cells lose their characteristic properties, altering their phenotype. These changes can result in basement membrane degradation and a loss of epithelial barrier integrity, ultimately contributing to periodontal pocket formation and the infiltration of pathogenic microorganisms into oral tissues. Intercellular junctions, particularly tight junctions, are vital for maintaining the stability and functionality of epithelial cells, playing a crucial role in these processes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Impairment of the epithelial barrier, particularly increased permeability, facilitates the infiltration of microbial pathogens and may lead to dysbiosis, exacerbating epithelial damage in the gingival sulcus and contributing to the progression of periodontal diseases. When evaluating increased epithelial permeability in the gingival sulcus, it is essential to consider factors such as the presence of periodontopathogens, their metabolites, the expression of tight junction proteins, and genetic predispositions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>белки плотных контактов</kwd><kwd>воспалительные заболевания пародонта</kwd><kwd>проницаемость эпителиального барьера</kwd><kwd>десневая борозда</kwd><kwd>десневая жидкость</kwd><kwd>микробиота полости рта</kwd><kwd>пародонтит</kwd><kwd>пародонтопатогены</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tight junction proteins</kwd><kwd>periodontal diseases</kwd><kwd>epithelial barrier permeability</kwd><kwd>gingival sulcus</kwd><kwd>gingival fluid</kwd><kwd>oral microbiota</kwd><kwd>periodontitis</kwd><kwd>periodontopathogens</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы заявляют об отсутствии внешнего финансирования при проведении исследования. Индивидуальные благодарности для декларирования отсутствуют.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors declare that there was no external funding for the study. There are no individual acknowledgments to declare.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ковалевский АМ, Ушакова АВ, Ковалевский ВА, Прожерина ЕЮ. Бактериальная биопленка пародонтальных карманов: переосмысление опыта пародонтологии. Пародонтология. 2018;23(2):15-21. doi: 10.25636/PMP.1.2018.2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovalevskiy AM, Ushakova AV, Kovalevskiy VA, Prozherina EYu. Bacterial biofilm of periodontal pockets: the revision of periodontology experience. 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