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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">periodontology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пародонтология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Parodontologiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3759</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1726-7269</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Periodontal Association (RPA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33925/1683-3759-2025-1083</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">periodontology-1083</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка рисков развития кариеса твердых тканей зубов в зависимости от состояния гликемии у пациентов с компонентами метаболического синдрома</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of dental caries risk in patients with components of metabolic syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1781-0291</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усманова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usmanova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Усманова Ирина Николаевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры терапевтической стоматологии</p><p>450008, Приволжский федеральный округ, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Usmanova, DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Department of the Restorative Dentistry</p><p>450008, Volga Federal District, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Lenina str. 3, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinausma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5593-085X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сенина</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seninа</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сенина Валерия Олеговна, аспирант кафедры терапевтической стоматологии, ассистент кафедры хирургической стоматологии</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriia O. Senina, DMD, PhD student, Department of the Restorative Dentistry, Assistant Professor, Department of the Dental Surgery</p><p>Ufa </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lera.senina2012@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9876-9202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лакман</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lakman</surname><given-names>I. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лакман Ирина Александровна, кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры биомедицинской инженерии, заведующая научной лабораторией исследования социально-экономических проблем регионов</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Lakman, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of the Biomedical Engineering, Head of the Research Laboratory on Regional Socio-Economic Issues</p><p>Ufa </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Lackmania@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1145-6500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимова</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimova</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Герасимова Лариса Павловна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедры терапевтической стоматологии</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa P. Gerasimova, DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of the Restorative Dentistry</p><p>Ufa </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gerasimovalarisa@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1590-6433</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авзалетдинова</surname><given-names>Д. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avzaletdinova</surname><given-names>D. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авзалетдинова Диана Шамилевна, доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры эндокринологии</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana Sh. Avzaletdinova, MD, PhD, DSc, Associate Professor, Department of the Endocrinology Department</p><p>Ufa </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hyppocrat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-0058</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ишмухаметова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishmukhametova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ишмухаметова Амина Насимовна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры внутренних болезней и клинической психологии</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Amina N. Ishmukhametova, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of the Internal Medicine and Clinical Psychology</p><p>Ufa </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amina.ishmukhametova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6020-1686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецова Лилия Ильинична, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры терапевтической стоматологии</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lilia I. Kuznetsova, DMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of the Restorative Dentistry</p><p>Ufa </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">89177859529@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уфимский университет науки и технологий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa University of Science and Technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>218</fpage><lpage>226</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Усманова И.Н., Сенина В.О., Лакман И.А., Герасимова Л.П., Авзалетдинова Д.Ш., Ишмухаметова А.Н., Кузнецова Л.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Усманова И.Н., Сенина В.О., Лакман И.А., Герасимова Л.П., Авзалетдинова Д.Ш., Ишмухаметова А.Н., Кузнецова Л.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Usmanova I.N., Seninа V.O., Lakman I.А., Gerasimova L.P., Avzaletdinova D.S., Ishmukhametova A.N., Kuznetsova L.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/1083">https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/1083</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. В работе представлены результаты комплексного стоматологического обследования пациентов с патологией твердых тканей зубов на фоне проявлений болезни метаболического синдрома и сахарного диабета (СД) 2 типа.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценка риска развития кариеса твердых тканей зубов в зависимости от состояния гликемии у пациентов с компонентами метаболического синдрома.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Комплекс стоматологического обследования включал оценку интенсивности кариеса по индексу КПУ и распространенности кариеса. С использованием лакмусовой бумаги проведена оценка рН ротовой жидкости. Состояние углеводного обмена оценивали по уровням глюкозы венозной крови натощак и через 2 часа после еды, гликированного гемоглобина (HbA1с) — методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Риск развития кариеса твердых тканей зубов связан с уровнем глюкозы в венозной крови и в пробах ротовой жидкости. Так, у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом с нарушением углеводного обмена на основании коэффициента корреляции Спирмена (ρ), выявлена положительная умеренная связь (ρ = 0,49 и ρ = 0,55, соответственно), а также сильная положительная связь для пациентов с СД 2 типа (ρ = 0,62 и ρ = 0,69, соответственно). Показатели гликированного гемоглобина тесно связаны с интенсивностью кариозного процесса: для группы пациентов с МС без нарушения углеводного обмена на уровне ρ = 0,46, для пациентов с МС с нарушением углеводного обмена на уровне ρ = 0,51, для пациентов с СД 2 типа на уровне ρ = 0,75. У пациентов с СД 2 типа специфичность и чувствительность риска развития кариеса составляет 77%, для пациентов с компонентами метаболического синдрома – 50%.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Риски развития кариеса твердых тканей зубов чаще всего превалируют у пациентов с СД 2 типа, риски взаимосвязаны с уровнем глюкозы в венозной крови и в пробах ротовой жидкости. Настоящее исследование показывает, что более высокий уровень HbA1c связан с большим количеством кариозных зубов и что существует необходимость в длительном лечении кариозных зубов у пациентов с СД 2 типа. Необходимо повышать осведомленность пациентов с СД 2 типа, плохо контролирующих свое состояние, о рисках развития кариеса твердых тканей зубов. Следует отметить, что использование стоматологических услуг в качестве отправной точки для скрининга на СД 2 типа и компоненты МС является экономически эффективным средством раннего выявления этих заболеваний.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. This study presents results of a comprehensive dental assessment in patients with carious lesions of dental hard tissues associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To assess dental caries risk based on glycemic status in patients with components of metabolic syndrome.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The dental examination included evaluation of caries experience using the DMFT index and assessment of caries prevalence. Salivary pH was measured using litmus paper. Glycemic status was evaluated using fasting and 2-hour postprandial venous blood glucose measurements. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Dental caries risk correlated with glucose levels in both venous blood and saliva. Patients with metabolic syndrome and impaired glucose metabolism showed a moderate positive correlation (Spearman’s ρ = 0.49 and ρ = 0.55, respectively), while T2DM patients demonstrated a strong correlation (ρ = 0.62 and ρ = 0.69, respectively). HbA1c levels were significantly associated with caries experience: ρ = 0.46 in MetS patients without glycemic dysregulation, ρ = 0.51 in those with impaired glucose metabolism, and ρ = 0.75 in the T2DM group. The caries risk assessment method showed 77% sensitivity and specificity in T2DM patients, and 50% in patients with MetS components.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Patients with T2DM have a significantly higher risk of dental caries, which correlates strongly with blood and salivary glucose levels. Elevated HbA1c levels are associated with more carious teeth, indicating the need for extended dental treatment in T2DM patients. These findings highlight the importance of educating poorly controlled T2DM patients about their increased caries risk. Additionally, dental visits may provide a cost-effective opportunity for early screening of T2DM and metabolic syndrome components.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кариес</kwd><kwd>интенсивность</kwd><kwd>распространенность</kwd><kwd>рН ротовой жидкости</kwd><kwd>риски</kwd><kwd>глюкоза</kwd><kwd>гликированный гемоглобин (HbA1с)</kwd><kwd>ИМТ</kwd><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dental caries</kwd><kwd>caries experience</kwd><kwd>caries prevalence</kwd><kwd>salivary pH</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>glucose</kwd><kwd>glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)</kwd><kwd>BMI</kwd><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы заявляют об отсутствии внешнего финансирования при проведении исследования. Индивидуальные благодарности для декларирования отсутствуют.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors declare the absence of external funding in the conduct of the study. There are no individual acknowledgements to declare.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saklayen MG. The Global Epidemic of the Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018;20(2):12. doi: 10.1007/s11906-018-0812-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saklayen MG. The Global Epidemic of the Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018;20(2):12. doi: 10.1007/s11906-018-0812-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen H, Hill R, Baysan A. Systematic review on dental caries preventive and managing strategies among type 2 diabetic patients. 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