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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">periodontology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пародонтология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Parodontologiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3759</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1726-7269</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Periodontal Association (RPA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33925/1683-3759-2025-1092</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">periodontology-1092</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы патогенности Filifactor alocis и Streptococcus gordonii, идентифицированные у пациентов с воспалительными заболеваниями пародонта</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathogenic factors of Filifactor alocis and Streptococcus gordonii identified in patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-9437</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гимранова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gimranova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гимранова Ирина Анатольевна, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая кафедрой фундаментальной и прикладной микробиологии</p><p>450008, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Gimranova, MD, PhD, Docent, Head of the Department of the Fundamental and Applied Microbiology</p><p>3, Lenina str., Ufa, Russian Federation, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mia8408@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6637-9365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баймиев</surname><given-names>А. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baymiev</surname><given-names>A. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баймиев Андрей Ханифович, доктор биологических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры фундаментальной и прикладной микробиологии; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории биоинженерии растений и микроорганизмов </p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey H. Baymiev, PhD, DSc, Professor, Department of the Fundamental and Applied Microbiology; Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Plant and Microorganism Bioengineering</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baymiev@anrb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7745-0489</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акмалова</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akmalova</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акмалова Гюзель Маратовна, доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры стоматологии детского возраста и ортодонтии, декан стоматологического факультета</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Guzel M. Akmalova, DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Department of the Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dean</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akmalova-ekb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-5170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гриценко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gritsenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гриценко Виктор Александрович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник </p><p>Оренбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor A. Gritsenko, MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Chief Researcher</p><p>Orenburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vag59@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет; Институт биохимии и генетики Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University; Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт клеточного и внутриклеточного симбиоза Оренбургского федерального исследовательского центра Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Orenburg Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>161</fpage><lpage>169</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гимранова И.А., Баймиев А.Х., Акмалова Г.М., Гриценко В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гимранова И.А., Баймиев А.Х., Акмалова Г.М., Гриценко В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gimranova I.A., Baymiev A.H., Akmalova G.M., Gritsenko V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/1092">https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/1092</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Одним из актуальных направлений пародонтологии является исследование этиопатогенетической роли патогенов пародонтита в отдельности и их ассоциаций. С внедрением технологий секвенирования и метагеномного анализа перечень пародонтопатогенов расширяется, выявляются новые ключевые патогены, например, такие как Filifactor alocis. Анализ патогенных свойств и особенностей взаимоотношений Filifactor alocis с другими бактериями, формирующими биопленки, особенно ранними колонизаторами, в частности со Streptococcus gordonii, остается актуальной задачей.</p><p>Целью исследования явилась характеристика факторов патогенности Streptococcus gordonii и Filifactor alocis в микробиомах полости рта у пациентов с воспалительными заболеваниями пародонта.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Материалом для исследования послужили образцы содержимого десневой борозды здоровых лиц (n = 25) и пациентов с гингивитом (n = 15), а также пародонтальных карманов пациентов с хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом (ХГП) легкой (n = 30) и средней (n = 39) степенью тяжести. По результатам секвенирования гена 16S рРНК были идентифицированы видовые составы микробиомов изученных образцов. Выделенная ДНК из образцов также была использована в качестве матрицы для полимеразной цепной реакции и амплификации генов GspB (гликопротеин с сериновыми повторами (SRR)) и hsa (адгезин, связывающийся с сиаловой кислотой) S. gordonii, а также FtxA (кодирующий белок RTX) F. alocis с использованием предварительно подобранных нами праймеров. Статистическая обработка данных проводилась с помощью программного пакета Statistica 10. Для оценки взаимосвязей встречаемости бактерий разных видов в оральных микробиомах с принадлежностью пациентов к анализируемым группам использовали коэффициент корреляции Крамера.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В результате секвенирования гена 16S рРНК были определены образцы, в составе микробиомов которых детектированы Filifactor alocis и Streptococcus gordonii; в микробиомах здоровых людей данные микроорганизмы не обнаружены. В результате проведенного ПЦР-анализа у пациентов с гингивитом детектирован лишь ген GspB (6,7% случаев), а у пациентов с ХГП легкой и средней степенями тяжести оба гена (hsа и GspB) S.gordonii в 20,0% и 28,2% соответственно и ген FtxA F.alocis в 13,3 и 23,1% соответственно, однако все три гена одновременно не встречались ни в одной группе.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. S. gordonii и F. alocis являются частью оральной микробиоты, связанной с воспалительными заболеваниями пародонта. Идентификация их факторов патогенности помогает понять, как данные микроорганизмы способствуют развитию и прогрессированию заболевания, что может привести к созданию более точных и чувствительных ранних диагностических тестов, а также способствовать обоснованию новых мишеней для терапевтических воздействий.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. One of the key research areas in periodontology is the investigation of the pathogenetic role of individual periodontal pathogens and their microbial associations. With the advent of sequencing technologies and metagenomic analysis, the list of periodontal pathogens continues to expand, and new key pathogens, such as Filifactor alocis, are being identified. Analyzing the virulence factors and interactions of F. alocis with other biofilm-forming bacteria, especially early colonizers such as Streptococcus gordonii, remains an important task.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. The aim of this study was to characterize the pathogenic factors of Streptococcus gordonii and Filifactor alocis in the oral microbiomes of patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study involved samples of gingival sulcus contents from healthy individuals (n = 25) and patients with gingivitis (n = 15), as well as samples of periodontal pocket contents from patients with mild (n = 30) and moderate (n = 39) chronic periodontitis (CP). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the microbial composition of each sample was determined. DNA extracted from the samples was also used as a template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the GspB gene (encoding a serine-rich repeat glycoprotein) and the hsa gene (encoding a sialic acid-binding adhesin) of Streptococcus gordonii, as well as the FtxA gene (encoding an RTX toxin protein) of Filifactor alocis, using primers selected by the authors. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10 software. Cramér’s V coefficient was applied to assess associations between bacterial species occurrence within the oral microbiomes and patient group classification.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified Filifactor alocis and Streptococcus gordonii in the microbiomes of patients; these microorganisms were not detected in the microbiomes of healthy individuals. PCR analysis showed that in patients with gingivitis, only the GspB gene was detected (in 6.7% of cases). In patients with mild and moderate chronic periodontitis, both S. gordonii genes (hsa and GspB) were detected in 20% and 28.2% of cases, respectively, and the F. alocis FtxA gene was found in 13.3% and 23.1% of cases, respectively. However, none of the groups exhibited all three genes simultaneously.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. S. gordonii and F. alocis are part of the oral microbiota associated with inflammatory periodontal diseases. Identifying their pathogenic factors helps elucidate the mechanisms by which these microorganisms contribute to the onset and progression of periodontal pathology. This knowledge may facilitate the development of more accurate and sensitive early diagnostic tools and support the identification of new therapeutic targets.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гингивит</kwd><kwd>хронический генерализованный пародонтит</kwd><kwd>Streptococcus gordonii</kwd><kwd>Filifactor alocis</kwd><kwd>факторы патогенности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gingivitis</kwd><kwd>chronic periodontitis</kwd><kwd>Streptococcus gordonii</kwd><kwd>Filifactor alocis</kwd><kwd>pathogenic factors</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы заявляют об отсутствии внешнего финансирования при проведении исследования. Индивидуальные благодарности для декларирования отсутствуют.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors declare that there was no external funding for the study. There are no individual acknowledgments to declare.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mendes L, Azevedo NF, Felino A, Pinto MG. Relationship between invasion of the periodontium by periodontal pathogens and periodontal disease: a systematic review. Virulence. 2015;6(3):208-215. doi: 10.4161/21505594.2014.984566</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mendes L, Azevedo NF, Felino A, Pinto MG. Relationship between invasion of the periodontium by periodontal pathogens and periodontal disease: a systematic review. 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