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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">periodontology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пародонтология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Parodontologiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3759</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1726-7269</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Periodontal Association (RPA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33925/1683-3759-2026-1190</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">periodontology-1190</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Скученность зубов как фактор риска прогрессирования заболеваний пародонта: систематический обзор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dental crowding as a potential risk factor for periodontal disease progression: a systematic review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8945-8289</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Румянцев Иван Дмитриевич, аспирант кафедры ортодонтии</p><p>127006, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan D. Rumyantsev, DMD, PhD student, Department of the Orthodontics</p><p>127006, Dolgorukovskaya Street, 4, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vano.rumyantsev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4219-3547</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермольев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yermolyev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ермольев Сергей Николаевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры терапевтической стоматологии и пародонтологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Ermolev, DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Department of the Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ermolijev_s@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9191-0787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агафонова</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agafonova</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агафонова Ирина Сергеевна, кандидат медицинских наук, ординатор кафедры ортодонтии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina S. Agafonova, DMD, PhD, Resident, Department of the Orthodontics</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karina21ivanova21@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Принято в печать</issue-title><elocation-id>1190</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Румянцев И.Д., Ермольев С.Н., Агафонова И.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Румянцев И.Д., Ермольев С.Н., Агафонова И.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rumyantsev I.D., Yermolyev S.N., Agafonova I.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/1190">https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/1190</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Скученное положение зубов является одной из наиболее распространенных зубочелюстных аномалий, частота которой в глобальном масштабе достигает 30-60% и продолжает неуклонно расти. Данная патология, проявляющаяся функциональными и эстетическими нарушениями, представляет собой значимый фактор риска развития воспалительных заболеваний пародонта. Механизмы взаимосвязи и степень влияния скученности на состояние пародонта остаются предметом дискуссий, что определяет необходимость систематизации имеющихся научных данных. Цель: систематизация и всесторонний анализ современной научной литературы для выявления взаимосвязи между заболеваниями пародонта и скученностью зубов, детальное изучение патогенетических механизмов, лежащих в основе специфических этиологических факторов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проводился систематический обзор в соответствии со стандартами PRISMA. Поиск публикаций осуществлялся в базах данных Elibrary, PubMed, Google Scholar, Cyberleninka за период с 2010 по 2024 год. Из 875 первоначально найденных записей после удаления дубликатов и многоэтапного отбора по критериям релевантности и качества для окончательного анализа было включено девять научных работ. Подбор публикаций производили по ключевым словам: crowded teeth, periodontal diseases, periodontal disease in patients with crowded teeth, заболевания пародонта, скученное положение зубов, заболевания пародонта у пациентов со скученностью зубов, заболевания пародонта у пациентов с тесным положением зубов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Анализ включенных исследований продемонстрировал устойчивую причинно-следственную связь между скученностью зубов и ухудшением состояния пародонта. У пациентов со скученностью зубов чаще регистрируются неудовлетворительный уровень гигиены, повышенное накопление зубного налета, что приводит к развитию гингивита и пародонтита. Установлены этиологические факторы, включающие: 1) механические – затруднение гигиены, ретенция зубной бляшки; 2) морфологические – преобладание тонкого фенотипа пародонта, дефицит прикрепленной десны; 3) функциональные – травматическая окклюзия, суперконтакты. Данные факторы приводят к нарушениям гемодинамики, проявляющимся стойкой вазоконстрикцией, снижением эластичности сосудов и скорости кровотока. Это создает предпосылки для ишемии тканей пародонта. В изученной литературе доказана и подтверждена высокая диагностическая ценность объективных методов оценки состояния пародонта, таких как реопародонтография и лазерная допплеровская флоуметрия, для выявления доклинических нарушений регионарного кровотока и микроциркуляции.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Скученность зубов является серьезным фактором риска развития и прогрессирования воспалительно-деструктивных заболеваний пародонта. На основании данных литературы патогенез нарушений в тканях пародонта носит полиэтиологичный характер. Полученные данные обосновывают необходимость междисциплинарного подхода к ведению таких пациентов. Ортодонтическое лечение, направленное на устранение скученности, следует рассматривать не только как корригирующую, но и как этиопатогенетическую превентивную меру, направленную на восстановление регионарного кровотока и микроциркуляции в тканях пародонта, а также создание условий для долгосрочного здоровья тканей пародонта. Взаимосвязь пародонтологического и ортодонтического лечения является обязательным условием для достижения оптимальных и стабильных результатов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Dental crowding is one of the most common forms of malocclusion, with a reported global prevalence of 30%–60% that continues to increase. In addition to causing functional problems and esthetic concerns, dental crowding may represent an important risk factor for gingivitis and periodontitis. However, the mechanisms underlying this association and the extent of its impact on periodontal health remain unclear, highlighting the need to systematically synthesize the available evidence. Objective. To systematically review the available evidence on the association between dental crowding and periodontal diseases and to examine the pathogenetic mechanisms through which the identified etiologic factors may affect periodontal tissues.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was performed in eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed, Google Scholar, and CyberLeninka for studies published between 2010 and 2024. The search strategy included the terms “crowded teeth,” “periodontal diseases,” and “periodontal disease in patients with crowded teeth,” as well as their Russian-language equivalents. Of the 875 records initially identified, nine studies were included in the final analysis after duplicate removal and multistage screening based on relevance and quality criteria.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The included studies consistently indicated an association between dental crowding and poorer periodontal health. Individuals with dental crowding were more likely to have poor oral hygiene and greater plaque accumulation, which may contribute to the development of gingivitis and periodontitis. The identified factors were classified as mechanical, including limited access for oral hygiene and plaque retention; morphologic, including a higher prevalence of a thin periodontal phenotype and reduced width of attached gingiva; and functional, including occlusal trauma and premature occlusal contacts. These factors were associated with hemodynamic alterations characterized by persistent vasoconstriction, reduced vascular elasticity, and lower blood flow velocity, potentially predisposing periodontal tissues to ischemia. The available evidence also indicated that impedance plethysmography of the periodontium (rheoperiodontography) and laser Doppler flowmetry may be useful for detecting subclinical alterations in regional periodontal blood flow and microcirculation.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Dental crowding was associated with poorer periodontal health and may contribute to the development and progression of gingivitis and periodontitis. The periodontal changes associated with crowding appear to result from multiple mechanical, morphologic, functional, and hemodynamic factors. These findings support an interdisciplinary approach to the management of patients with dental crowding. Orthodontic correction of crowding should be considered not only a means of correcting malocclusion but also part of a preventive strategy that may improve conditions for maintaining long-term periodontal health, including regional periodontal blood flow and microcirculation. Integrated periodontal and orthodontic care may therefore be important for achieving stable long-term outcomes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>систематический обзор</kwd><kwd>заболевания пародонта</kwd><kwd>скученность зубов</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>регионарный кровоток</kwd><kwd>микроциркуляция</kwd><kwd>травматическая окклюзия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>systematic review</kwd><kwd>periodontal diseases</kwd><kwd>dental crowding</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>regional blood flow</kwd><kwd>microcirculation</kwd><kwd>traumatic occlusal forces</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы заявляют об отсутствии внешнего финансирования при проведении исследования.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors declare that there was no external funding for the study.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abbassi S, Tajbakhsh N. 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