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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">periodontology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пародонтология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Parodontologiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3759</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1726-7269</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Periodontal Association (RPA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33925/1683-3759-2026-1216</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">periodontology-1216</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ десневой жидкости при гингивите и пародонтите</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative analysis of gingival crevicular fluid in gingivitis and periodontitis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6619-8328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кейцлер</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Keitsler</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кейцлер Мария Игоревна, соискатель ученой степени кафедры терапевтической стоматологии и пародонтологии Российского университета медицины</p><p>127006, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria I. Keitsler, DMD, External PhD candidate, Department of the Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology</p><p>4, Dolgorukovskaya St., Moscow, 127006</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mari.keytsler@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4141-1370</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атрушкевич</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Atrushkevich</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Атрушкевич Виктория Геннадьевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой терапевтической стоматологии и пародонтологии, президент Российской пародонтологической ассоциации</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria G. Atrushkevich, DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology; President of Russian Association of Periodontology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">atrushkevichv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6788-4945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Островская</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostrovskaya</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Островская Ирина Геннадьевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры биологической химии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Ostrovskaya, DMD, PhD, DSc, Docent, Professor, Department of Biological Chemistry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostvavir@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9822-6401</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стурова</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sturova</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стурова Татьяна Михайловна, кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры терапевтической стоматологии и пародонтологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana M. Sturova, DMD, PhD, Department of the Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sturovatm@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8602-6795</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пижонков</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pizhonkov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пижонков Николай Анатольевич, аспирант, сотрудник кафедры биологической химии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay A. Pizhonkov, PhD student, Department of the Biological Chemistry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kolya.pizhonkov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2033-9621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белогуров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belogurov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белогуров Алексей Анатольевич, доктор химических наук, профессор РАН, заместитель директора по научной работе; заведующий кафедрой биологической химии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Belogurov, PhD, DSc, Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Director for Scientific Work; Head of the Department of Biological Chemistry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexey.belogurov.jz@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт биоорганической химии имени академиков М. М. Шемякина и Ю. А. Овчинникова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет медицины; Институт биоорганической химии имени академиков М. М. Шемякина и Ю. А. Овчинникова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Medicine; Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Принято в печать</issue-title><elocation-id>1216</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кейцлер М.И., Атрушкевич В.Г., Островская И.Г., Стурова Т.М., Пижонков Н.А., Белогуров А.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кейцлер М.И., Атрушкевич В.Г., Островская И.Г., Стурова Т.М., Пижонков Н.А., Белогуров А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Keitsler M.I., Atrushkevich V.G., Ostrovskaya I.G., Sturova T.M., Pizhonkov N.A., Belogurov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/1216">https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/1216</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Воспалительные заболевания пародонта (ВЗП) остаются одной из наиболее актуальных проблем современной стоматологии ввиду их высокой распространенности, раннего клинического проявления и доказанной связи с рядом тяжелых системных заболеваний. При пародонтите прогрессирующее нарушение эпителиального барьера десневой борозды облегчает проникновение пародонтопатогенов в глубокие слои тканей, что запускает каскад деструктивных воспалительных реакций.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучение и сравнение клинических и протеомных характеристик десневой жидкости в норме, при гингивите и пародонтите для выявления ключевых биомаркеров, определяющих риск перехода обратимого воспаления в необратимую деструкцию.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Открытое проспективное сравнительное когортное исследование (n = 90; возраст 21–65 лет; январь 2024 – август 2025 г.). Три группы: контрольная группа (n = 20), группа пациентов с диагнозом Хронический гингивит (n = 20), группа пациентов с диагнозом хронический генерализованный пародонтит III–IV стадий (n = 50). Оценивались пародонтологические индексы (GI, PI, PBI, CAL, индекс Фукса). Десневая жидкость (ДЖ) анализировалась методом LC-MS/MS с количественной оценкой белков (LFQ, MaxQuant). Статистика: критерий Краскела – Уоллиса, пост-хок-анализ Данна с поправкой Холма (p &lt; 0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При переходе от гингивита к пародонтиту происходит смена доминирующих механизмов: вместо активации факторов врожденного иммунитета преобладает неконтролируемая деструкция, опосредованная системой комплемента (CFB) и матриксными металлопротеиназами (MMP-9). Выявленная панель белков (CFB, MMP-9, HBB, CST4) обладает высоким потенциалом в качестве объективной лабораторной основы для дифференциальной диагностики и оценки риска прогрессирования заболеваний пародонта.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Ключевую роль в патогенезе пародонтита и ремоделировании тканей играет эпителиально-мезенхимальный переход (ЭМП). В ходе этого процесса эпителиальные клетки утрачивают полярность и межклеточные контакты, приобретая мезенхимальные свойства, что способствует миграции клеток и деструкции опорного аппарата зуба. Понимание роли эпителиального барьера и механизмов ЭМП критически важно для того, чтобы отличить обратимые состояния от необратимых.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Periodontal diseases, particularly gingivitis and periodontitis, remain a major challenge in modern dentistry because of their high prevalence, early clinical presentation, and established associations with several serious systemic diseases. In periodontitis, progressive breakdown of the gingival sulcus epithelial barrier allows periodontal pathogens to invade deeper periodontal tissues, triggering a cascade of destructive inflammatory responses.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To study and compare the clinical and proteomic characteristics of gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis and to identify key biomarkers associated with the risk of progression from reversible inflammation to irreversible tissue destruction.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. This non-blinded prospective comparative cohort study included 90 participants aged 21–65 years and was conducted from January 2024 to August 2025. Three groups were studied: periodontal health (n = 20), gingivitis (n = 20), and Stage III–IV periodontitis (n = 50). Periodontal indices and parameters were assessed, including the Gingival Index (GI), Plaque Index (PI), Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and the Fuchs index. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was analyzed by LC-MS/MS with label-free protein quantification (LFQ, MaxQuant). Statistical analysis included the Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn’s post hoc test with Holm correction (p &lt; 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Progression from gingivitis to periodontitis was associated with a shift in the dominant pathogenic mechanisms: activation of innate immune factors gave way to uncontrolled tissue destruction mediated by the complement system, particularly complement factor B (CFB), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). The identified panel of proteins — CFB, MMP-9, HBB, and CST4 — has considerable potential as an objective laboratory tool for differential diagnosis and risk assessment in periodontal disease progression.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and in periodontal tissue remodeling. During this process, epithelial cells lose polarity and intercellular contacts and acquire mesenchymal properties, thereby promoting cell migration and destruction of periodontal supporting tissues. Understanding the role of the epithelial barrier and EMT mechanisms is critical for distinguishing reversible inflammatory conditions from irreversible destructive disease states.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>десневая жидкость</kwd><kwd>гингивит</kwd><kwd>пародонтит</kwd><kwd>протеомный профиль</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>эпителиально-мезенхимальный переход</kwd><kwd>матриксные металлопротеиназы</kwd><kwd>система комплемента</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gingival crevicular fluid</kwd><kwd>gingivitis</kwd><kwd>periodontitis</kwd><kwd>proteomic profiling</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>epithelial–mesenchymal transition</kwd><kwd>matrix metalloproteinases</kwd><kwd>complement system</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blanco-Pintos T, Regueira-Iglesias A, Suárez-Rodríguez B, eijas-Otero N, Relvas M, Bravo SB,et al. 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