periodontologyПародонтологияParodontologiya1683-37591726-7269Russian Periodontal Association (RPA)10.33925/1683-3759-2020-25-4-276-286periodontology-360Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWβ-дефензины и воспалительные заболевания пародонта: систематический обзорβ-defensins and the inflammatory periodontal diseases: a systematic reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4439-9661ТихомироваЕ. А.TikhomirovaE. A.

Тихомирова Екатерина Александровна, очный аспирант кафедры пародонтологии

Москва 

Tikhomirova, Ekaterina A., post-graduate student of the Department of Periodontology

Moscow

lukaly1990@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4527-7471СлажневаЕ. С.SlazhnevaE. S.

Слажнева Екатерина Сергеевна, очный аспирант кафедры пародонтологии пародонтологии

Москва 

Slazhneva, Ekaterina S., post-graduate student of the Department of Periodontology

Moscow

katushkor@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4141-1370АтрушкевичВ. Г.AtrushkevichV. G.

Атрушкевич Виктория Геннадьевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры пародонтологии

Москва

Atrushkevich, Victoria G., PhD, MD, DSc, Professor of the Department of Periodontology

Moscow

atrushkevichv@mail.ruМосковский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. ЕвдокимоваРоссияA.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and DentistryRussian Federation202017122020254276286Copyright © Тихомирова Е.А., Слажнева Е.С., Атрушкевич В.Г., 20202020Тихомирова Е.А., Слажнева Е.С., Атрушкевич В.Г.Tikhomirova E.A., Slazhneva E.S., Atrushkevich V.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/360Актуальность

Актуальность. Неуклонный рост числа воспалительных заболеваний пародонта (ВЗП) требует поиска новых методов их диагностики, лечения и профилактики. В полости рта экспрессируется большое количество антимикробных пептидов, в том числе и β-дефензины, которые образуют первую линию защиты от пародонтопатогенов. Более детальное изучение данных белков поможет ответить на вопрос, почему прорывается этот защитный барьер, и можно ли использовать β-дефензины в качестве маркеров ВЗП. Необходимо изучить информацию о роли β-дефензинов в патогенезе ВЗП и оценить возможность их применения в качестве биомаркеров этих заболеваний.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. С помощью поисковых систем PubMed, Google Search и eLIBRARY было найдено 2106 публикаций, опубликованных с 2003 по 2020 гг. В соответствии с критериями включения и невключения было отобрано 39 публикаций, среди которых встречались исследования in vivo, in vitro и обзорные статьи. Данные отобранных статей изложены в этом обзоре.

Результаты

Результаты. β-дефензины обладают антимикробной активностью в отношении пародонтопатогенов, однако и пародонтопатогены за счет своих факторов вирулентности могут изменять экспрессию этих белков либо вызывать их разрушение. Кроме того, на концентрацию β-дефензинов могут влиять цитокины, синтезируемые во время воспаления в тканях пародонта. По сравнению с лицами без ВЗП у пациентов с хроническим генерализованным гингивитом, агрессивным и хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом чаще всего наблюдаются изменения экспрессии β-дефензинов как в большую, так и в меньшую сторону, что также зависит от стадии воспалительного процесса.

 Заключение

 Заключение. β-дефензины играют важную роль в антимикробной защите тканей пародонта от внедрения пародонтопатогенов и могут использоваться в качестве маркеров ВЗП. Однако, оценивая концентрацию дефензинов в ротовой жидкости, необходимо учитывать сопутствующие факторы: присутствие пародонтопатогенов, наличие определенных цитокинов, стадию заболевания, наличие сопутствующей патологии, а также генетический аспект.

Relevance

Relevance. The steady increase in the number of inflammatory periodontal diseases (IPD) requires the search for new methods of their diagnosis, treatment and prevention. A large number of antimicrobial peptides are expressed in the oral cavity, including β-defensins, which form the first line of defense against periodontal pathogens. A more detailed study of these proteins will help us to answer the question: why this protective barrier breaks through and may we use β-defensins as markers of IPD. The aim is to study information about the role of β-defensins in the pathogenesis of IBD and to evaluate the possibility of their use as biomarkers of these diseases.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. Using search systems as PubMed, Google Search and eLIBRARY were found 2106 articles published between 2003 and 2020 years. According to the inclusion and non-inclusion criteria, 39 publications were selected, including in vivo, in vitro and review articles. This review presents data from the selected articles.

Results

Results. β-defensins have antimicrobial activity against periodontal pathogens, but these bacteria can change the expression of the antimicrobial peptides or can be the cause of their destruction due to virulence factors. In addition, the concentration of β-defensins may be affected by the cytokines, synthesized during inflammation in periodontal tissues. Compared with individuals without IPD the patients with chronic generalized gingivitis, aggressive and chronic generalized periodontitis most often have changes in the expression of β-defensins both up and down, which also depends on the stage of the inflammatory process.

Conclusion

Conclusion. β-defensins play an important role in the antimicrobial protection of periodontal tissues from the introduction of periodontal pathogens and can be used as markers of IBD. However evaluating the concentration of defensins in the oral fluid, it is necessary to take into account concomitant factors: the presence of periodontal pathogens, the presence of certain cytokines, the stage of the disease, the presence of concomitant pathology and the genetic aspect.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.