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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">periodontology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пародонтология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Parodontologiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3759</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1726-7269</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Periodontal Association (RPA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33925/1683-3759-2022-27-1-32-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">periodontology-595</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетические предикторы развития пародонтита: проблемы и перспективы (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic predictors of periodontitis development: problems and prospects (a literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4439-9661</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихомирова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhomirova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тихомирова Екатерина Александровна, аспирант кафедры пародонтологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Tikhomirova, PhD student, Department of Periodontology </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lukaly1990@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тихомирова Е.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тихомирова Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tikhomirova E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/595">https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/595</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. На сегодняшний день ведутся активные исследования по поиску генетических маркеров пародонтита, обнаружение которых позволит выявлять пациентов группы риска задолго до появления первых признаков заболевания, прогнозировать течение болезни и интенсивно проводить профилактические мероприятия, направленные на устранение негативных факторов окружающей среды.Цель – систематизация имеющихся данных по изучению ассоциации генов с развитием агрессивного и хронического генерализованного пародонтита.Материалы и методы. С помощью поисковых систем PubMed, Google Search и eLIBRARY было найдено 214 публикаций, опубликованных с 2005 по 2020 год. Было отобрано 135 публикаций, среди которых встречались клинические исследования и данные метаанализа.Результаты. Такие хронические воспалительные заболевания, как пародонтит, являются типично полигенными, а ассоциированные с подобными заболеваниями гены рассматриваются как гены предрасположенности. Наличие связанного с заболеванием аллеля у индивидуума не является абсолютным диагностическим признаком для развития заболевания, однако отражает риск его развития. При поиске генетических маркеров пародонтита ключевая роль отводится тем генам, которые кодируют белки, имеющие важные роли на разных этапах патогенеза воспалительных заболеваний пародонта. Среди них: дефензины, интерлейкины, Толл-подобные рецепторы, α1-цепь коллагена I типа и другие. На сегодняшний день изучено порядка 300 полиморфизмов и обнаружена ассоциация некоторых из них с развитием пародонтита.Заключение. Точный генетический маркер пародонтита на данный момент неизвестен. Дальнейший поиск генов-кандидатов должен проходить параллельно с расширением знаний о патогенезе воспалительных заболеваний пародонта. Определение пресимптоматической предрасположенности к болезни позволит повысить качество оказания стоматологической помощи и проведения профилактических мероприятий еще до появления клинических признаков.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. Currently, researchers are actively searching for genetic markers of periodontitis. Their detection will allow identifying risk group patients long before the manifestation of the first signs of the disease, predicting the disease course and intensively carrying out preventive measures to eliminate negative environmental factors.Aim – to classify the available data on the genes associated with the development of aggressive and chronic generalized periodontitis.Materials and methods. We found 214 publications published from 2005 to 2020 in the electronic databases PubMed, Google Search and eLibrary. One hundred and thirty-five publications were selected, among which are clinical studies and meta-analysis data.Results. Chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis are typically polygenic. The disease-associated genes are predisposition genes. The presence of an allele associated with the disease in an individual is not an absolute diagnostic sign for the development of the disease. However, it reflects the risk of disease development. The search for genetic markers of periodontitis assigns a crucial role to genes, which encode proteins significant at different stages of the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Defensins, interleukins, Toll-like receptors, collagen type I α1 chain and others are among them. To date, the researchers have studied about 300 polymorphisms and have associated some of them with the development of periodontitis.Conclusion. The exact genetic marker of periodontitis is currently unknown. Further search for the candidate genes and additional knowledge of the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases are necessary. Determining the disease predisposition will improve the quality of dental care and preventive measures even before the manifestation of the disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генетический полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>генетический предиктор</kwd><kwd>пародонтит</kwd><kwd>предрасположенность к ВЗП</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genetic polymorphism</kwd><kwd>genetic predictor</kwd><kwd>periodontitis</kwd><kwd>susceptibility to inflammatory periodontal diseases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. Regional office for Europe. Data and statistics. Available from: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/diseaseprevention/oral-health/data-and-statistics</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. Regional office for Europe. Data and statistics. 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