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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">periodontology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пародонтология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Parodontologiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3759</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1726-7269</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Periodontal Association (RPA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33925/1683-3759-2022-27-4-309-317</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">periodontology-706</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Порочные круги в патогенезе хронического генерализованного пародонтита</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vicious circles in chronic generalized periodontitis pathogenesis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4061-5221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Николаевич Иванов, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой нормальной физиологии им. И. А. Чуевского, заведующий отделением лабораторной диагностики Научно-исследовательского института травматологии, ортопедии и нейрохирургии, заведующий Центральной научно-исследовательской лабораторией</p><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey N. Ivanov, MD, PhD, DSc, Head of the Department of Normal Physiology named after I. A. Chuevsky, Head of the Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Research Institute of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, Head of the Central Research Laboratory</p><p>Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lex558452@gmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2357-400X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савкина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savkina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ангелина Альбертовна Савкина, младший научный сотрудник Центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории</p><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Angelina A. Savkina, DMD, Junior Researcher, Central Research Laboratory</p><p>Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sawkina.ange@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6447-2811</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ленгерт</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lengert</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Владимировна Ленгерт, младший научный сотрудник Центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории</p><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Lengert, Junior Researcher, Central Research Laboratory</p><p>Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lengertkatrin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8105-5932</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермаков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Вадимович Ермаков, младший научный сотрудник Центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории</p><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey V. Ermakov, Junior Researcher, Central Research Laboratory</p><p>Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oualeksej@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8439-8033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Вячеславовна Степанова, младший научный сотрудник Центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории</p><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Stepanova, Junior Researcher, Central Research Laboratory</p><p>Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cnil-sgmu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4299-1108</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лойко</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loiko</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дарья Дмитриевна Лойко, ассистент кафедры нормальной физиологии им. И. А. Чуевского, младший научный сотрудник Центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории</p><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria D. Loiko, MD, Assistant professor, Department of Normal Physiology named after I. A. Chuevsky, Junior Researcher, Central Research Laboratory</p><p>Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">darya.lagutina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Саратовский государственный медицинский университет имени В. И. Разумовского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>309</fpage><lpage>317</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванов А.Н., Савкина А.А., Ленгерт Е.В., Ермаков А.В., Степанова Т.В., Лойко Д.Д., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванов А.Н., Савкина А.А., Ленгерт Е.В., Ермаков А.В., Степанова Т.В., Лойко Д.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanov A.N., Savkina A.A., Lengert E.V., Ermakov A.V., Stepanova T.V., Loiko D.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/706">https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/706</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Высокая распространенность пародонтопатий, поздняя обращаемость пациентов, особенно на ранних стадиях, неэффективность проводимой терапии, а также не до конца изученные сложные механизмы патогенеза заболеваний пародонта делают хронический генерализованный пародонтит (ХГП) проблемой социально-медицинского характера.Цель – рассмотрение патогенетических механизмов, характеризующих развитие ХГП.Материалы и методы. Проведен систематический поиск литературы, в который были включены исследования, датированные с 2005 по 2022 годы. Исследования были найдены путем поиска в электронных базах PubMed, Google Search.Результаты. Общепринятым этиологическим фактором, способствующим возникновению воспалительного процесса в тканях пародонтального комплекса, является микрофлора зубной бляшки, однако только ее присутствия недостаточно для полноценного проявления всех патологических реакций со стороны тканей пародонта. Ключевая роль в регулировании фаз воспалительного процесса принадлежит цитокинам и другим медиаторам, дисбаланс продукции которых обеспечивает хронизацию процесса. Важным звеном патогенеза, сопровождающим все стадии ХГП, являются нарушения микрососудистого русла, которые обуславливают клинические проявления данного заболевания. Клеточные реакции, возникающие при ХГП в ответ на воздействие пародонтопатогенной флоры, не только обеспечивают защиту тканей пародонта, но и одновременно индуцируют их разрушение, способствуя повышению уровня бактериальной обсемененности.Заключение. Особенностью патогенеза ХГП является формирование нескольких ключевых порочных кругов, включая цитокиновый, сосудистый, лейкоцитарный и репаративный, которые имеют сложные взаимосвязи между собой.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. The high prevalence of periodontal diseases, late presentation of patients, especially at the early stages, the ineffectiveness of the provided treatment, and complex still-not-fully-understood mechanisms of the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases render chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) a socio-medical problem.The study aims to consider the pathogenic mechanisms which characterize the development of CGP.Materials and methods. The study conducted a systematic literature search, which included publications from 2005 to 2022. The studies were found by searching electronic databases PubMed and Google Search.Results. The dental plaque microbiota is a common cause contributing to the initiation of the inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues. But its presence alone is not enough for the manifestation of all periodontal pathological reactions. The principal role in regulating the phases of the inflammation belongs to cytokines and other mediators, the imbalance of which causes the chronification of the process. Microvascular blood flow disorders, which determine the clinical manifestations, are an important part of the pathogenesis at all stages of CGP. Cellular reactions that occur during CGP as a response to the periodontal pathogen invasion protect periodontal tissues and simultaneously induce their destruction, thereby increasing bacterial contamination.Conclusion. The formation of intricately related several key vicious circles, including cytokine, vascular, leukocyte and reparative, is one of the most important particularities of CGP pathogenesis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пародонтит</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>микроциркуляция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>periodontitis</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>microcirculation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nazir M, Al-Ansari A, Al-Khalifa K, Alhareky M, Gaffar B, Almas K. Global Prevalence of Periodontal Disease and Lack of Its Surveillance. The Scientific World Journal. 2020;2020:1-8. doi:10.1155/2020/2146160</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nazir M, Al-Ansari A, Al-Khalifa K, Alhareky M, Gaffar B, Almas K. Global Prevalence of Periodontal Disease and Lack of Its Surveillance. 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