<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">periodontology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пародонтология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Parodontologiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3759</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1726-7269</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Periodontal Association (RPA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33925/1683-3759-2023-810</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">periodontology-810</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новый подход к пониманию роли газотрансмиттеров в развитии хронического генерализованного пародонтита</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A new approach to understanding the role of gasotransmitters in the development of chronic generalized periodontitis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4641-9718</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонтьева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonteva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Леонтьева Аурелия Валерьевна - ассистент кафедры микробиологии и вирусологии с курсом иммунологии.</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aureliya V. Leonteva - MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology and Virology with a Course in Immunology.</p><p>Tver</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aurika171900@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-163X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Блинова Алиса Владимировна - кандидат медицинких наук, ассистент кафедры пародонтологии.</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alisa V. Blinova - DMD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology.</p><p>Tver</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">blinova-alisa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9209-7839</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Червинец</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chervinets</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Червинец Юлия Вячеславовна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой микробиологии и вирусологии с курсом иммунологии.</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Chervinets - MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Microbiology and Virology with a Course in Immunology.</p><p>Tver</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">julia_chervinec@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-3333</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Румянцев Виталий Анатольевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой пародонтологии.</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaliy A. Rumyantsev - DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Periodontology.</p><p>Tver</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rumyancev_v@tvgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6549-0010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Червинец</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chervinets</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Червинец Вячеслав Михайлович - доктор медицинский наук, профессор, профессор кафедры микробиологии и вирусологии с курсом иммунологии.</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav M. Chervinets - DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Department of Microbiology and Virology with a Course in Immunology.</p><p>Tver</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chervinets@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тверской государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tver State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Леонтьева А.В., Блинова А.В., Червинец Ю.В., Румянцев В.А., Червинец В.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Леонтьева А.В., Блинова А.В., Червинец Ю.В., Румянцев В.А., Червинец В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Leonteva A.V., Blinova A.V., Chervinets Y.V., Rumyantsev V.A., Chervinets V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/810">https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/810</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Последние исследования в области изучения газообразных веществ микробного происхождения (O2, N2, CO2, CH4, NO, CO, H2S) указывают на их роль не только в регуляции жизнедеятельности хозяина, в частности, функционировании его нервной системы, но и в патогенезе ряда заболеваний. Однако в отечественной и иностранной литературе практически отсутствуют данные о продукции газовых сигнальных молекул микробиотой полости рта (Streptococcus spp. и Staphylococcus spp.) и изменении газового состава при развитии хронического воспаления в тканях пародонта.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 69 человек. В основную группу вошли 36 пациентов с клинически подтвержденным хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом средней степени тяжести в возрасте от 35 до 67 лет. В группу сравнения вошли 33 пациента в возрасте от 27 до 55 лет, не страдающих патологией пародонта. В качестве материала исследования использовали содержимое соскоба слизистой оболочки спинки языка. Продукцию газовых сигнальных молекул определяли с помощью метода газовой хроматографии на приборе «Хроматэк-кристалл 5000.2». Количество выделенных газов измеряли в % (для O2, N) и в ppm (0,001 mg/mL) для остальных газовых молекул (CO2, CH4, NO, CO, H2S).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Была выявлена статистически значимая разница в метаболической активности стрептококков только для продукции NO (p = 0,002) и CO (p = 0,008). Streptococcus spp. при наличии воспалительного процесса в тканях пародонта практически не выделяли NO, а концентрация CO была на порядок выше, чем в группе здоровых лиц. Разница между количеством других сигнальных газовых молекул у здоровых людей и пациентов с хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом не была статистически значима (p &gt; 0,05).</p><p>Статистически значимую разницу в продукции газотрансмиттеров среди стафилококков наблюдали по N2 (p = 0,007, с увеличением в группе сравнения). Как и в выборке стрептококков, количество продуцируемого СО при хроническом воспалительном процессе возрастало в 1,7 раза. Отдельные виды стафилококков демонстрировали уменьшение более чем в 1,5 раза продукции всего спектра газовых молекул в основной группе. При этом, в отличие от стрептококков, при хроническом пародонтите стафилококки поглощали в 1,7 раза больше оксида азота.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У лиц с хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом в условиях воспалительного процесса микробиота полости рта малоактивна и продуцирует низкую концентрацию газотрансмиттеров, поэтому они не могут участвовать в уменьшении воспалительного процесса, тем самым способствуя прогрессированию заболевания.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Recent studies investigating the role of the microbial gaseous substances (O2, N2, CO2, CH4, NO, CO, H2S) indicate not only in the regulation of the host's metabolic activity and the functioning of its nervous system, in particular but also their participation the pathogenesis of some diseases. However, there is scarce data in the national and international literature on the production of gas signaling molecules by the oral microbiota (Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp.) and the changes in the gas composition during the development of chronic inflammatory periodontal diseases.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 69 people. The main group included 36 patients aged 35 to 67 years with clinically confirmed moderate chronic generalized periodontitis. The control group included 33 patients aged 27 to 55 without periodontal disease. The samples from the back of the tongue were the study material. The gas chromatography determined the production of gas signaling molecules using the Khromatek-crystal 5000.2 device. The measurement of the amount of released gases was in % (for O2, N2) and ppm (0.001 mg/mL) for other gas molecules (CO2, CH4, NO, CO, H2S).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The metabolic activity of streptococci only for the production of NO (p = 0.002) and CO (p = 0.008) appeared to have a statistically significant difference. In periodontal inflammation, there was practically no NO emission by Streptococci spp., and the concentration of CO was ten times higher than in the group of healthy individuals. The difference in the number of other signaling gas molecules was not statistically significant (p &gt; 0.05) in healthy people and patients with chronic generalized periodontitis.</p><p>In the production of gasotransmitters among Staphylococcus spp., N2 production (p = 0.007, increasing in the comparison group) was statistically significantly different. As in the streptococcal sampling, the amount of CO significantly increased in periodontal inflammation. Certain species of staphylococci showed a significant decrease in the production of the entire gas molecule range in the main group. At the same time, unlike Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. absorbed a much higher amount of nitric oxide in chronic periodontitis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and inflammation, the oral microbiota is poorly active and produces a low concentration of gasotransmitters, so they cannot participate in inflammatory process reduction, thereby contributing to the progression of the disease.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический пародонтит</kwd><kwd>газотрансмиттеры</kwd><kwd>газовые сигнальные молекулы</kwd><kwd>Streptococcus spp.</kwd><kwd>Staphylococcus spp.</kwd><kwd>Staphylococcus aureus</kwd><kwd>Streptococcus mitis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic periodontitis</kwd><kwd>gasotransmitters</kwd><kwd>gas signaling molecules</kwd><kwd>Streptococcus spp.</kwd><kwd>Staphylococcus spp.</kwd><kwd>Staphylococcus aureus</kwd><kwd>Streptococcus mitis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hylemon PB, Ridlon JM. Influence of diet on microbialproduction and utilization of H2, CH4 and H2S in the colon:physiological and pathophysiological consequences. In: Heidt P, Bienenstock J, Midtvedt T, Rush V, van der Waai D, eds. Thebiological significance of gaseous biomarkers from the microbiota in the alimentary tract. Germany: Old Herborn University Seminar Monograph;2008. P. 1130. Available from: https://www.old-herborn-university.de/wp-content/uploads/publications/books/OHUni_book_21_article_3.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hylemon PB, Ridlon JM. Influence of diet on microbialproduction and utilization of H2, CH4 and H2S in the colon:physiological and pathophysiological consequences. In: Heidt P,Bienenstock J, Midtvedt T, Rush V, van der Waai D, eds. Thebiological significance of gaseous biomarkers from the microbiota in the alimentary tract. Germany: Old Herborn University Seminar Monograph;2008. Р. 1130. Available from: https://www.old-herborn-university.de/wp-content/uploads/publications/books/OHUni_book_21_article_3.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Midtvedt T. What do we know from germfree life? Basicknowledge about microbes and gas production regulator. In: Heidt P, Bienenstock J, Midtvedt T, Rush V, van der Waaij D, eds. The biological significance of gaseous biomarkersfrom the microbiota in the alimentary tract. Germany: OldHerborn University Seminar Monograph;2008. Р. 17. Available from: https://www.old-herborn-university.de/wp-content/uploads/publications/books/OHUni_book_21_article_1.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Midtvedt T. What do we know from germfree life? Basicknowledge about microbes and gas production regulator. In:Heidt P, Bienenstock J, Midtvedt T, Rush V, van der WaaijD, eds. The biological significance of gaseous biomarkersfrom the microbiota in the alimentary tract. Germany: OldHerborn University Seminar Monograph;2008. Р. 17. Available from: https://www.old-herborn-university.de/wp-content/uploads/publications/books/OHUni_book_21_article_1.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szabo C. Gaseotransmitters: new frontiers for translational science. Sci Transl Med. 2010;2(59):59ps54. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000721</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szabo C. Gaseotransmitters: new frontiers for translational science. Sci Transl Med. 2010;2(59):59ps54. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000721</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Althaus M. Gasotransmitters: novel regulators of epithelial Na transport? Front Physiol. 2012;3:83. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2012.00083</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Althaus M. Gasotransmitters: novel regulators of epithelial Na transport? Front Physiol. 2012;3:83. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2012.00083</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Althaus M, Urness KD, Clauss WG, Baines DL, Fronius M. The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulphide decreases Na+ transport across pulmonary epithelial cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2012;166(6):1946-1963. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01909.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Althaus M, Urness KD, Clauss WG, Baines DL, Fronius M. The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulphide decreases Na+ transport across pulmonary epithelial cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2012;166(6):1946-1963. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01909.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tinajero-Trejo M, Jesse HE, Poole RK. Gasotransmitters, poisons, and antimicrobials: it’s a gas, gas, gas! F1000PrimeReport. 2013;5:28. doi: 10.12703/P5-28</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tinajero-Trejo M, Jesse HE, Poole RK. Gasotransmitters, poisons, and antimicrobials: it’s a gas, gas, gas! F1000PrimeReport. 2013;5:28. doi: 10.12703/P5-28</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oleskin AV, Shenderov BA. Neuromodulatory effects and targets of the SCFAs and gasotransmitters produced by the human symbiotic microbiota. Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2016;27:30971. doi: 10.3402/mehd.v27.30971</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oleskin AV, Shenderov BA. Neuromodulatory effects and targets of the SCFAs and gasotransmitters produced by the human symbiotic microbiota. Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2016;27:30971. doi: 10.3402/mehd.v27.30971</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hezel MP, Weitzberg E. The oral microbiome and nitric oxide homoeostasis. Oral Dis. 2015;21(1):7-16. doi: 10.1111/odi.12157</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hezel MP, Weitzberg E. The oral microbiome and nitric oxide homoeostasis. Oral Dis. 2015;21(1):7-16. doi: 10.1111/odi.12157</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шендеров БА. Роль эндогенных и микробных газовых молекул в физиологии и патофизиологии сердечно-сосудистой системы. Вестник восстановительной медицины. 2015;(5):58-65. Режим доступа: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?edn=vtfgdp&amp;ysclid=lopck2ydfv45113938</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shenderov BA.The role of endogenous and microbial gas molecules in physiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular system. Bulletin of rehabilitation medicine. 2015;(5):58-65 (In Russ.). Available from: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?edn=vtfgdp&amp;ysclid=lopck2ydfv45113938</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gusarov I, Gautier L, Smolentseva O, et al. Bacterial nitric oxide extends the lifespan of C. elegans. Cell. 2013;152(4):818-830. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.12.043</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gusarov I, Gautier L, Smolentseva O, et al. Bacterial nitric oxide extends the lifespan of C. elegans. Cell. 2013;152(4):818-830. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.12.043</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang R. Physiological implications of hydrogen sulfide: a whiff exploration that blossomed. Physiol Rev. 2012;92(2):791-896. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00017.20111</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang R. Physiological implications of hydrogen sulfide: a whiff exploration that blossomed. Physiol Rev. 2012;92(2):791-896. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00017.20111</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeynalov E, Doré S. Low doses of carbon monoxide protect against experimental focal brain ischemia. Neurotox Res. 2009;15(2):133-137. doi: 10.1007/s12640-009-9014-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeynalov E, Doré S. Low doses of carbon monoxide protect against experimental focal brain ischemia. Neurotox Res. 2009;15(2):133-137. doi: 10.1007/s12640-009-9014-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berne JP, Lauzier B, Rochette L, Vergely C. Carbon monoxide protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in vitro via antioxidant properties. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2012;29(3-4):475-484. doi: 10.1159/000338501</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berne JP, Lauzier B, Rochette L, Vergely C. Carbon monoxide protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in vitro via antioxidant properties. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2012;29(3-4):475-484. doi: 10.1159/000338501</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nazir M, Al-Ansari A, Al-Khalifa K, Alhareky M, Gaffar B, Almas K. Global Prevalence of Periodontal Disease and Lack of Its Surveillance. ScientificWorldJournal. 2020 May 28;2020:2146160. doi: 10.1155/2020/2146160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nazir M, Al-Ansari A, Al-Khalifa K, Alhareky M, Gaffar B, Almas K. Global Prevalence of Periodontal Disease and Lack of Its Surveillance. ScientificWorldJournal. 2020 May 28;2020:2146160. doi: 10.1155/2020/2146160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цепов ЛМ, Николаев АИ, Левченкова НС, Петрова ЕВ, Тургенева ЛБ, Нестерова ММ, и др. Возможности лечения больных хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом в современных условиях. Пародонтология. 2017;22(2):40-46. Режим доступа: https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/144/144</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsepov LM, Nikolaev AI, Levchenkova NS, Petrova EV, Turgeneva LB, Nesterova MM, et al. Current therapeutical options in treatment of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis. Parodontologiya. 2017;22(2):4046 (In Russ.). Available from: https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/144/144</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Червинец ВМ, Червинец ЮВ, Чичановская ЛВ, Ганзя ДВ, Григорьянц ЭО, Беляев ВС, и др. Спектр газовых сигнальных молекул кишечных лактобацилл у больных ишемическим инсультом. Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2022;67(3):163-169. doi: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-3-163-169</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chervinets VM, Chervinets YuV, Chichanovskaja LV, Ganzja DV, Grigoryants EO, Belyaev VS, et al. The microbiome of oral cavity patients with periodontitis, adhesive and biofilm forming properties. Klinicheskaya Laboratornaya Diagnostika (Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics). 2022; 67 (3): 163-169 (In Russ.). doi: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-3-163-169</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
