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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">periodontology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пародонтология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Parodontologiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-3759</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1726-7269</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Periodontal Association (RPA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33925/1683-3759-2024-963</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">periodontology-963</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование ультраструктуры одонтобластов пульпы зуба пациента после перенесенной вирусной инфекции COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Investigation of the ultrastructure of dental pulp odontoblasts in a patient following a COVID-19 viral infection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4376-8020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пугачева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pugacheva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пугачева Агата Артемовна, студентка 5 курса стоматологического факультета</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Agata A. Pugacheva, 5th year student, Dental School</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pugacheva.agata@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8026-0800</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орехова</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orekhova</surname><given-names>L. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орехова Людмила Юрьевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой стоматологии терапевтической и пародонтологии; генеральный директор ООО «Городской пародонтологический центр ПАКС»</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liudmila Yu. Orekhova, DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of the Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology; President of Russian Association of Periodontology, General manager, City Periodontal Center “PAKS” Ltd.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prof_orekhova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1644-6141</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оксас</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oksas</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оксас Наталия Сергеевна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры стоматологии терапевтической и пародонтологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia S. Oksas, DMD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of the Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gyvas@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5451-3555</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парамонова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Paramonova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Парамонова Наталья Михайловна, научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эндокринологии и нейрохимии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia M. Paramonova, Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natapa@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0366-2873</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryavtseva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудрявцева Татьяна Васильевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры стоматологии терапевтической и пародонтологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Kudryavtseva, DMD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prof.kudryavtseva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии имени И. М. Сеченова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>215</fpage><lpage>222</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пугачева А.А., Орехова Л.Ю., Оксас Н.С., Парамонова Н.М., Кудрявцева Т.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пугачева А.А., Орехова Л.Ю., Оксас Н.С., Парамонова Н.М., Кудрявцева Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pugacheva A.A., Orekhova L.Y., Oksas N.S., Paramonova N.M., Kudryavtseva T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/963">https://www.parodont.ru/jour/article/view/963</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Последние исследования в области изучения ультраструктуры одонтобластов указывают на наличие у данной клетки иммунной функции. К сожалению, в отечественных и зарубежных источниках невозможно найти исследования с данными результатов трансмиссионной электронной микроскопии, характеризующие ультраструктуру одонтобластов, которые позволят расширить знания о данных специфических клетках пульпы зуба человека и применить их на практике. Проведя анализ изученной литературы и собственных исследований, можно предположить, что органы ротовой полости имеют возможность стать мишенью для коронавируса. Одонтобласты, являясь специализированной клеткой пульпы зуба, выполняют множество функций. Главная их роль отводится процессу дентиногенеза, но не менее важным является их участие в иммунной функции, которая проявляется за счет наличия на поверхности клетки рецепторов распознавания элементов (PRR). К таким относятся Толл-подобные рецепторы (TLR) и рецепторы, подобные домену, связывающему нуклеотидную олигомеризацию (NOD, NLR), некоторые из них способны формировать иммунный ответ на проникновение SARS-CoV-2 в клетку.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В ходе данной работы проведено комплексное клинико-лабораторное исследование пульпы интактного зуба 2.8, удаленного по ортодонтическим показаниям у пациента, перенесшего коронавирусную инфекцию COVID-19 за несколько недель до экстирпации зуба. Ультраструктура пульпы зуба изучалась с помощью трансмиссионной электронной микроскопии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На ультратонких срезах препаратов пульпы экстирпированного зуба были отмечены специфические клетки-одонтобласты, с четко прослеживаемой ультраструктурой, позволяющей их идентифицировать. На электронограммах визуализировались признаки, характерные для проникновения вируса в клетку: начальные апоптотические изменения в ядре одонтобласта, наличие везикулы, покрытой клатрином в цитолемме отростка одонтобласта. Также в терминальных отделах одонтобластов обнаруживали впячивания цитолеммы, покрытое клатрином.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. На электронограммах наблюдались ультраструктурные изменения характерные для вирусной инфекции, что делает возможным предположить вовлечение одонтобластов, обладающих системой TLR3, TLR4 в противовирусную защиту от SARS-CoV-2.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Recent studies on odontoblast ultrastructure have indicated that these cells possess immune functions. Unfortunately, both domestic and international sources lack transmission electron microscopy research data that characterise the ultrastructure of odontoblasts. This gap in the literature limits the expansion of knowledge about these specific cells of the human dental pulp and their practical applications. An analysis of existing literature and our own research suggests that the organs of the oral cavity may become targets for the coronavirus. Odontoblasts, as specialized cells of the dental pulp, perform multiple functions. Their primary role is in dentinogenesis, but equally important is their participation in immune functions, evidenced by the presence of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on their surface. These include Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NOD-like receptors, NLRs), some of which can mount an immune response to the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the cell.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. This study involved a comprehensive clinical-laboratory investigation of the pulp from an intact tooth 2.8, extracted for orthodontic reasons from a patient who had recovered from a COVID-19 infection a few weeks prior to the tooth extirpation. The ultrastructure of the dental pulp was examined using transmission electron microscopy.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the ultrathin sections of the pulp specimens from the extirpated tooth, specific odontoblast cells with clearly traceable ultrastructure were identified. The electron micrographs visualized features characteristic of viral entry into the cell: initial apoptotic changes in the nucleus of the odontoblast, the presence of clathrin-coated vesicles in the cytoplasmic membrane of the odontoblast process. Additionally, clathrin-coated invaginations of the cytolemma in the terminal parts of the odontoblasts were observed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The electron micrographs revealed ultrastructural changes indicative of a viral infection, suggesting the involvement of odontoblasts, equipped with the TLR3 and TLR4 system, in the antiviral defence against SARS-CoV-2.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>одонтобласт</kwd><kwd>иммунная функция одонтобластов</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>трансмиссионная электронная микроскопия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Odontoblast</kwd><kwd>immune function of odontoblasts</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>transmission electron microscopy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biadsee A, Biadsee A, Kassem F, Dagan O, Masarwa S, Ormianer Z. Olfactory and oral manifestations of covid-19: sex-related symptoms – a potential pathway to early diagnosis. 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