Evaluation of occlusal contacts in antagonist teeth using traditional occlusiography with photographic documentation in patients with periodontitis and TMJ dysfunction during clinical dental appointments

Relevance. Selective grinding is incorporated into the comprehensive treatment of periodontitis and TMJ (temporomandibular joint) dysfunction due to the presence of occlusal discrepancies, which can exacerbate or initiate these conditions. The evaluation of occlusal contacts, their distribution, and contact areas is crucial for diagnosing occlusal disturbances and selecting treatment approaches. Traditionally, occlusal contacts have been assessed using occlusograms obtained with articulating paper. However, the advent of digital technologies has made the interpretation of these parameters more challenging for practicing clinicians. This study aimed to evaluate occlusal contact parameters in patients with periodontitis and TMJ dysfunction (without pain symptoms) using traditional occlusiography with photographic documentation and articulating paper during clinical dental appointments.

Material and methods. The study included 68 patients aged 18 to 44 years, of whom 41 were divided into four groups: 11 patients without signs of periodontitis or TMJ dysfunction, 11 with TMJ dysfunction but no periodontal pathology, 8 with both periodontitis and TMJ dysfunction, and 11 with periodontitis but no TMJ dysfunction. Occlusal contacts and their surface areas were assessed using occlusiography with photographic documentation.

Results. The study revealed an increase in the number of occlusal contacts in cases of periodontitis and TMJ dysfunction. In patients with periodontitis and combined pathology (periodontitis and TMJ dysfunction), a significant rise in the frequency of pathological tooth wear was observed. The occlusal contact area varied significantly across all groups.

Conclusion. An analysis of the literature and the obtained data identified consistent trends in changes in the number and area of occlusal contacts associated with these clinical conditions. The "occlusal contact area" parameter exhibited considerable variability and warrants further research to establish reference values. No conclusive data supporting selective grinding in patients with periodontitis and TMJ dysfunction were obtained.

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