Anthropometric characteristics of the dentofacial system in patients with hypodontia

Relevance. Dentofacial anomalies are among the most prevalent conditions in children and adolescents and may adversely affect quality of life, masticatory and speech function, as well as facial esthetics.

The aim of this study was to identify anthropometric characteristics of the dentofacial complex in children with hypodontia.

Materials and methods. The study included 60 children aged 6 to 12 years. All participants were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 30 patients with malocclusions. Group 2 included 30 patients with hypodontia combined with malocclusions. Considering differences in tooth morphology, functional relevance, and occlusal role, patients in Group 2 were further subdivided into two subgroups: the first subgroup comprised children with hypodontia of anterior teeth (incisors and canines), and the second subgroup included children with hypodontia of posterior teeth (premolars and molars). All patients underwent clinical examination and anthropometric analysis of diagnostic dental casts using the Nance, Pont, Korkhaus, and Bolton analyses. The prevalence of hypodontia among the examined patients, as well as the frequency of anthropometric characteristics of the dentofacial complex associated with hypodontia, were assessed.

Results. The prevalence of hypodontia was determined according to group distribution, localization of missing teeth, and the number of congenitally absent teeth.

Conclusion. The most frequently identified finding was hypodontia of the mandibular second premolars (33.3%). Hypodontia of maxillary and mandibular canines, mandibular first molars, and maxillary central incisors was not observed. In patients with hypodontia of incisors and canines, shortening of the anterior segments of the maxilla and mandible was most commonly detected (92%). In cases of premolar and molar hypodontia, tooth displacement and ectopic eruption were the predominant findings (75%). Thus, hypodontia is associated with a range of anthropometric characteristics of the dentofacial complex that affect the shape and dimensions of the dental arches.

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