Vicious circles in chronic generalized periodontitis pathogenesis
https://doi.org/10.33925/1683-3759-2022-27-4-309-317
Abstract
Relevance. The high prevalence of periodontal diseases, late presentation of patients, especially at the early stages, the ineffectiveness of the provided treatment, and complex still-not-fully-understood mechanisms of the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases render chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) a socio-medical problem.
The study aims to consider the pathogenic mechanisms which characterize the development of CGP.
Materials and methods. The study conducted a systematic literature search, which included publications from 2005 to 2022. The studies were found by searching electronic databases PubMed and Google Search.
Results. The dental plaque microbiota is a common cause contributing to the initiation of the inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues. But its presence alone is not enough for the manifestation of all periodontal pathological reactions. The principal role in regulating the phases of the inflammation belongs to cytokines and other mediators, the imbalance of which causes the chronification of the process. Microvascular blood flow disorders, which determine the clinical manifestations, are an important part of the pathogenesis at all stages of CGP. Cellular reactions that occur during CGP as a response to the periodontal pathogen invasion protect periodontal tissues and simultaneously induce their destruction, thereby increasing bacterial contamination.
Conclusion. The formation of intricately related several key vicious circles, including cytokine, vascular, leukocyte and reparative, is one of the most important particularities of CGP pathogenesis.
About the Authors
A. N. Ivanov
Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Aleksey N. Ivanov, MD, PhD, DSc, Head of the Department of Normal Physiology named after I. A. Chuevsky, Head of the Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Research Institute of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, Head of the Central Research Laboratory
Saratov
A. A. Savkina
Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Angelina A. Savkina, DMD, Junior Researcher, Central Research Laboratory
Saratov
E. V. Lengert
Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ekaterina V. Lengert, Junior Researcher, Central Research Laboratory
Saratov
A. V. Ermakov
Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Aleksey V. Ermakov, Junior Researcher, Central Research Laboratory
Saratov
T. V. Stepanova
Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Tatyana V. Stepanova, Junior Researcher, Central Research Laboratory
Saratov
D. D. Loiko
Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Daria D. Loiko, MD, Assistant professor, Department of Normal Physiology named after I. A. Chuevsky, Junior Researcher, Central Research Laboratory
Saratov
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Review
For citations:
Ivanov AN, Savkina AA, Lengert EV, Ermakov AV, Stepanova TV, Loiko DD. Vicious circles in chronic generalized periodontitis pathogenesis. Parodontologiya. 2022;27(4):309-317. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33925/1683-3759-2022-27-4-309-317
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