Association between metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and periodontal pathology: a systematic review

Relevance. The metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are significant concerns in modern medicine due to their high prevalence in the general population and their crucial role in the development and progression of inflammatory periodontal diseases.

Purpose. To investigate the association between periodontal diseases and the manifestations of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials and methods. The metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are significant concerns in modern medicine due to their high prevalence in the general population and their crucial role in the development and progression of inflammatory periodontal diseases.

Results. Out of 71 analysed sources, 39.1% of the studies discussed the prevalence of these metabolic diseases. In the majority of the studies (50%), the relationship between periodontal pathology and metabolic diseases related to insulin resistance and T2DM, glycaemia levels, dyslipidaemia, and fat tissue metabolism was examined. In 49.3% of the reviewed publications, data on the state of the subgingival microbiota, gingival sulcus, and saliva were presented.

Conclusion. The analysis of contemporary literature sources revealed a broad interaction between metabolic diseases and periodontal pathology, highlighting their shared pathogenetic processes and providing data on glycaemic control, the condition of the oral fluid microbiota, and periodontal pockets.

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