Comparative study of the degree of fixation of complete removable prostheses of the lower jaw with attachment to another number of implants and their classical analogues

Abstract

The relevance of the research. Study the possibility of using a small number of implants in prosthetic treatment of patients of elderly and senile age with complete loss of teeth on the lower jaw is important. Not currently described methods and devices used to objectively measure the extent and quality of fixation of complete removable denture implant of the lower jaw. Purpose. Instrumental assessment of the degree of fixation of full dentures of the lower jaw, based on a different number of implants. Materials and methods. The object of the study were 43 people with a diagnosis of complete loss of teeth on the lower jaw, which were divided into 2 groups according to type of manufactured construction: 1 group (22 persons) - fixation of the prosthesis on a single implant, the 2nd group (21 persons) - fixation of the prosthesis on two implants. The power of fixation (retention and stabilization) was determined before implantation of the prosthesis, after 3 and 12 months (application for invention No. 2016148504 from 09.12.2016). Results. The indices of retention of the prostheses in the first group after implantation increased from 337,28 ± 34,99 g to 1462,50 ± 204,22 g, and stabilization with 212,86 ± 20,05 g to 613,05 ± 144,88 g. In the second group of indicators of retention after implantation increased with 323,67 ± 59,00 g to 1704,57 ± 102,19 g, and stabilization with 210,52 ± 29,97 g to 761,50 ± 71,65 g. Summary: 1) the developed device allows to conduct an objective measurement of the foce of retention and stabilization of the prosthesis, as in conventional and implant prosthetics using different number of implants and implant different types of locking fasteners; 2. The degree of retention and stabilization of the prosthesis after implantation increased in the presence of one or two supporting implants, the changes of the indicators were more pronounced in the group of patients with fixation of the prosthesis on two implants; 3. Fixing that achieved by one supporting implant was enough to improve the quality of functionality and ease of use of a complete removable prosthesis of the lower jaw.