Antimicrobial activity of disinfectants used in prosthetic dentistry depending on the degree of dilution (an experimental in vitro study)

Relevance. Determining the antimicrobial activity of disinfectants and their impact on conditionally pathogenic microbiota (CPM), as well as justifying the selection of agents for treating dental impressions and prostheses, remains an unresolved issue requiring thorough research. The effects of quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) on various microorganisms, particularly regarding their effective dilution in dental practice, are not well-studied despite their widespread use.

Objective. To compare the antimicrobial activity of alkaline combined disinfectants, QAC derivatives, and polyhydric alcohols at various dilutions against CPM strains in vitro.

Materials and methods. Dilutions of domestic disinfectants—"Megadez Ortho" (VladMiva), "Vendelin" (Bozon), and "Trilox" (Biotorg)—were prepared in sterile heart-brain broth (Himedia Labs, India) ranging from 1:200 to 1:200,000. Microbial growth curves were assessed using a bioreactor RS (Biosan, Latvia). The study involved three test strains of CPM: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus.

Results. The in vitro experiment results indicate that working solutions of the disinfectants at dilutions of 1:200 and 1:20 exhibit bactericidal activity against all test strains: S. aureus, E. coli, and B. cereus. The antimicrobial activity against B. cereus was observed at slightly higher concentrations compared to S. aureus and E. coli.

Conclusion. Based on the decrease in disinfectant activity, the preparations can be ranked in the following order of decreasing efficacy: "Trilox" → "Vendelin" → "Megadez Ortho." A notable advantage of "Trilox" is its statistically significant higher activity against spore-forming bacilli B. cereus.

1. Azovskova OV, Cagaran AN, Minaeva AB, Fedosov EA. Comparative sensitivity study disinfectants of different microorganisms and viruses on the surface of removable dentures. Disinfection affairs. 2018;(3):29-34 (In Russ.). Available from: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35604855

2. Orlova OA, Tutelyan AV, Zamyatin MN, Akimkin VG. Epidemiological diagnosis of infections associated with provision of medical care at current state. Medical alphabet. 2019;3(32):5-10 (In Russ.). doi: 10.33667/2078-5631-2019-3-32(407)-5-10

3. Losev FF, Smirnova LE. Assessment of functional areas of activity in a medical organization in the context of the introduction of a quality control system and safety of medical activities. Clinical Dentistry. 2022;25(3):126-131 (In Russ.). doi: 10.37988/1811-153X_2022_3_126

4. Dubova LV, Assiya SS, Romankova NV, Tagiltsev DI, Maksimov GV. Improvement of the protocol for orthopedic treatment of patients with musculoskeletal dysfunction of TMJ using a functional diagnostic complex. Parodontologia. 2021;26(2):144-149 (In Russ.). doi: 10.33925/1683-3759-2021-26-2-144-149

5. Grachev DI, Ruzuddinov NS, Arutyunov AS, Akhmedov GD, Dubova LV, Kharakh YaN, et al. Аlgorithm for designing a removable complete denture (rcd) based on the fem analysis of its service life. Materials. 2022;15(20):7246. doi: 10.3390/ma15207246

6. Balmasova IP, Malova ES, Sepiashvili RI. Viral and bacterial coinfection as a global problem of modern medicine. Bulletin of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Series: Medical. 2018;22(1):29-42. doi: 10.22363/2313-0245-2018-22-1-29-42

7. Graves DT, Corrêa JD, Silva TA. The oral microbiota is modified by systemic diseases. J Dent Res. 2019;98(2):148-156. doi: 10.1177/0022034518805739

8. Kato-Kogoe N, Sakaguchi S, Kamiya K, Omori M, Gu YH, Ito Y, et al. Characterization of salivary microbiota in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A case-control study. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2022;29:403-421. http://doi.org/10.5551/jat.60608

9. Rao A, Lokesh J, D'Souza C, Prithvisagar KS, Subramanyam K, Karunasagar I, Kumar BK. Metagenomic analysis to uncover the subgingival and atherosclerotic plaque microbiota in patients with coronary artery disease. Indian J Microbiol. 2023;63(3):281-290. doi: 10.1007/s12088-023-01082-9

10. Opravin AS, Galieva AS, Davydova NG, Davidovich NV, Bazhukova TA. Oral microbiome health and antibiotic resistance (literature review). Cathedra. 2021;(78):22-29 (In Russ.). Available from: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=48219400

11. Tsareva TV, Yanushevich OO, Tsarev VN, Balmasova IP. Bacteria of genus Filifactor in patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes in accordance with metagenomic analysis of the periodontal microbiome. Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2023;100(6) (In Russ.). doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-428

12. Dunidina IA. Prophylaxis of the intrahospital infection in the odontology: disinfection, sterilization. Medsestra. 2017;(8):17-21 (In Russ.). Available from: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35652324

13. Lynchenko IV, Tsukanova FN, Stekolnikova NV. Basic measures to combat and prevent infection in an orthopedic dentistry clinic. International Journal of Applied and Basic Research. 2013;2:20-21 (In Russ.). Available from: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=18781310

14. Matuska AM, McFetridge PS. The effect of terminal sterilization on structural and biophysical properties of a decellularized collagen-based scaffold; implications for stem cell adhesion. J Biomed Mater Res. 2015;103(2):397-406. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.33213

15. Tsarev VN, Ushakov RV, Nuruev NN, Ushakov AR, Trefilova YuA, Labazanov AA. Microbiological justification of the application of cyprofloxacin and tinidazole combination for antimicrobial chemistry in dentistry. Medical alphabet. 2021;(2):18-23 (In Russ.). doi: 10.33667/2078-5631-2021-1-18-22

16. Tsarev VN, Atrushkevich VG, Ippolitov EV, Podporin MS. Comparative analysis of periodontal antiseptic antimicrobial activity using the automated control of microbial growth in real-time. Parodontologiya. 2017;22(1):4-10 (In Russ.). Available from: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29233663

17. Ribero N, Soares GC, Santos-Rosales V, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Garsia Gonzales CA, Olivera AL. A new era for sterilization based on supercritical CO2 technology. J. Biomed Mater Res. 2019:108(2):399-428. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.34398

18. Tsarev VN, Akavov AN, Karpova VM, Tsareva EV, Lastochkin AA. Experimental microbiological justification of disinfection measures as a component of infectious safety in the practice of an orthopedic dentist. Clinical dentistry. 2023;26(3):125-133 (In Russ.). doi: 10.37988/1811-153X_2023_3_125