Studies have both in our country and abroad on the problem of the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases to revise and clarify a number of preexisting views on the causes and mechanism development of periodontitis, which allows not only to carry out earlier and more accurate diagnosis of these diseases, but also to better treatment, identify effective ways of prevention. For understanding many aspects of the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis it is very important. Comparative study of the clinical efficacy of the various in treatment of chronic generalized periodontal diseases.

The review of the literature describes the modern concept of bacterial biofilms in relation to the treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis. Environmental parameters that affect the primary adhesion of microorganisms to the tooth's surface and the formation of the bacterial biofilm are considered to be the points of the periodontist dentist's action. Various methods of combating bacterial biofilm of periodontal pockets are presented as options for etiotropic therapy of chronic generalized periodontitis.

The article presents the views on the problem of pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases. The attention of authors is drawn to the group of inflammatory factors, influencing the development of these dental diseases. Among the factors occupy a special place matrix metalloproteinases. Allocated and describes the characteristics of the structure, function and mechanism of enzymes action. Considerable attention is paid to the action of matrix metalloproteinases in inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues. Addresses the experiences of foreign researchers in this field. Despite the existence of works devoted to this issue, the role of inflammation factors in the destruction of collagen structures of the periodontium remains not fully understood. The relationship of the inflammatory factors with the characteristics of the inflammatory process and the predisposition to the development of periodontitis would require further investigation.

The results of electron microscopy, X-ray and pathomorphological evaluation of periodontal tissues in the modeling of chronic stress with the help of a developed stress-inducing device for the formation of non-physiological occlusion of jaws were presented. Induction of stress is accompanied by destructive processes developing in the depth of the jawbone. An important role may be played by the detected weight gain of experienced animals experiencing stress. In the late period of modeling (90 days), weight gain is disproportionate to the nature of nutrition, which correlates with deeper atrophy of the alveolar process starting from the vertices of the interalveolar septa.

The aim of the article was to study the influence of modern methods of clinical teeth bleaching on the sensitivity of hard tissues and dental pulp. The study involved 25 patients (5 groups of 5 people), each of whom had professional oral hygiene before teeth bleaching, clinical teeth bleaching by various methods (without gel light activation — Opalescence Boost, with activation of the gel with «cold light» (LED) — Beyond Polus, with gel activation of the UV source — ZOOM Advanced Power, laser photodynamic bleaching Smart Bleach 3LT, gel activation with Picasso diode laser), with a phased recording of the microcirculation of the pulp of the teeth ultrasonic dopplerography (USDG) using the «Minimax — Doppler K» and enamel sensitivity change evaluation method using Yeaple Probe. The following results were obtained: all the methods used for tooth whitening did not cause long (more than 3 days) or irreversible changes in the hypersensitivity of hard tooth tissues. The use of ultrasound dopplerography revealed peculiarities of microcirculation of the pulp using various bleaching techniques. At USDG patients from groups with LED bleaching and photodynamic laser showed the least pronounced dynamics of microcirculatory parameters, which was expressed in the increase in the speed indices by not more than 11% (Vam) and 6% (Qam), respectively

The development of complications in fractures of the mandible depends on many factors, including violations of local and general blood supply, neurotrophic disorders and the presence of inflammatory periodontal diseases.

Increase in bone density is an important criterion of assessing the treatment results of periodontal diseases. Using injection form of autologous platelet plasma results in an average 20,1±1,9% increase in bone density. The densitometric analysis of changes in bone density was conducted using cone-beam computerized tomography.

On the basis of clinical trial the main consistent patterns of formation and feature of a clinical current the endodontoparodontalnykh of lesions at adults who depend on localization of primary center of a lesion, age are determined and are formed at the centers of chronic periapical inflammatory processes more than 7 mm, a total inflammatory resorption of a bone tissue in the field of an apical periodontium and the parodont with the admixed type of a resorption of interdental and (or) interroot septums and also at the center of a periapical resorption and horizontal type of a resorption of interdental and (or) interroot septums of jaws.

The article presents the results of a hemodynamic study of the microcirculatory bed of the oral mucosa in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with different duration of the underlying disease, the dental status and the condition of periodontal tissues are shown. So the level of microcirculation is significantly reduced in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with a duration of disease of more than 5 years relative to individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus up to 5 years. The study showed that the earlier there is type 1 diabetes, the worse the oxygen saturation of the tissues of the oral mucosa goes, the metabolic processes slow down, the dental and periodontological status worsens, the local immunity of the oral cavity decreases.

On the basis of the analysis of treatment of 38 people ranging in age from 32 to 66 years, who suffered of pancreatic diabetes type 2, and asked on reception to the doctor-the surgeon about alveolitis after tooth extraction, studied the possibility and assessed the effectiveness of the application of protective dental gel «forest balsam» for the prevention of alveolitis. It is shown that the use of this drug in the alveolitis way by 35,12% reduction in the incidence of alveolitis after the extraction of teeth in patients suffering from diabetes type 2 diabetes. The paper notes that in the group of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes which used protective dental gel «Asepta», in the case of alveolitis flowed at a mild severity level (71,43%), compared with control subjects suffering from type 2 diabetes, which in the course usually marked alveolitis average (44,44%) and heavy (33,33%) severity.

The analysis of local immunity in 75 patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis (HCG) was carried out. Evaluation of the dental status of patients with HCG according to the KPI index revealed the predominance of sealed teeth in men and women regarding uncomplicated caries to the complicated 1: 3.5; The defeat of uncomplicated and complicated caries is 1.3 and 2.9 times higher in women than in men. By anatomical accessory, the upper jaw is filled with more teeth than on the lower as complicated and uncomplicated and does not depend on gender. The need for prosthetics by the index (PZH) in women is 3 times higher than for men. Periodontological status was characterized by an increase in the values of all indices (GI, PI, PMA). Evaluation of local anatomical and topographical risk factors revealed the need for correction of the depth of the vestibulation of lips, cords, frenums in 51.7% of cases, the pathology of occlusion in 36.7% of the examined individuals. Morphofunctional status of HCG showed a decrease in the amount of oral fluid by 1.7 times, sIgA concentration to (590.0 ± 23.2) g / l, an increase in the total protein content to 1.5 g / l and lysozyme activity to (15.80 ± 0.90) g / l. The HCG leukocyte migration test was characterized by the maintenance of a high content of leukocytes in the oral cavity after the termination of the chemotractant. The HCG immunocytogram revealed an increase in the number of unchanged cells of the surface layer of multilayer flat epithelium, a decrease in the number of leukocytes in the 1 field of view, the appearance of monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, mast cells, Microorganisms, the appearance of yeast-like fungi, fusobacteria, increased phagocytosis.

Investigation of indices and markers of periodontal, glossal and immune statuses and its possible dependence on age is subject of interest especially regarding high alcohol consumption rate in Russia and significant need for dental care in ethanol abusers. The aim of the study was to research periodontal, glossal and immune statuses of men with alcohol use disorder (AUD) depending on the age. Dental examination of indices of periodontal, glossal and immune statuses was carried out among two age groups of patients with second stage of AUD aged 25-44 years – «younger» and 45-64 years – «older». Methods of statistical analysis were Pearson's chi-squared test, Mann–Whitney U test and logistic regression. In the present study hygienic level of both groups was satisfactory (р = 0,210), intensity of inflammation in periodontal tissues was moderate (p < 0,001). According to CPI results, sextants with bleeding (35,1%) and calculus (23,4%)prevailed in younger age group, but in older age group shallow pockets (25,7%) and excluded sextants were more often (41,0%). We revealed significant differences between the groups within all codes (p < 0,001).The tongue dorsal surface test demonstrated predominance of code 1 (58,4% and 65,1%, respectively in younger and alder age group, (р = 0,422)) and code 2 (27,3% and 25,4% respectively, (р = 0,802). Statistically significant differences were obtained by the level of IgG (p = 0,004), IL-8 (p = 0,039) and cortisol (p = 0,028). Results of the present study have shown that patients with AUD have certain deviations compared to norm within the periodontal, glossal and immune statuses. Among older participants severe periodontal diseases according to higher PMA and worse CPI and increased IL-8 and IgG prevailed.

Mouth mucosa diseases in an acute and chronic form quite often significantly are complicated by performance of hygienic actions for care of a mouth. A special role in hygienic leaving at patients diseases of a mucosa of a mouth is played by the choice of agents of hygiene. A research objective was rising of efficiency of level of hygienic actions at patients with implications of dermatoses on a mouth mucosa by use of hypoallergenic treatment-and-prophylactic toothpaste with natural active additives, ions of silver and lysozyme (GZP with PADIOL). Assessment of influence of agents of hygiene for dynamics of subjective and clinical symptoms of a disease, was carried out at 27 patients with implications red flat depriving on a mucosa of a mouth, having initially satisfactory and bad level of hygiene of a mouth. All patients were divided into 2 groups. The main group hypoallergenic treatment-and-prophylactic toothpaste with natural active additives, ions of silver and lysozyme was recommended to patients, and in group of comparison the choice of toothpaste was any. Results of a research showed that including of hypoallergenic treatmentand-prophylactic toothpaste with natural active additives, ions of silver and lysozyme in a complex of treatment red flat depriving with implications on a mucosa of a mouth increases motivation to implementation of hygienic procedures that is confirmed by dynamics of the index of efficiency of hygiene, reduction and disappearance subjective and reliable positive dynamics of clinical signs on average at 86,7% examined.

Adverse conditions in the oral cavity in patients with dentures contribute to the development and progression of periodontal diseases. The work presents the experience of organizing complex prophylaxis in this contingent of persons. Patients in a complex of preventive measures used the vitamin-mineral complex R.O.C.S. Medical for oral administration, therapeutic and prophylactic toothpaste with an active proteolytic enzyme. The obtained results (PMA index, iodine number of Svarakov et al.) testify to the improvement of the condition of periodontal tissues in patients using dentures.