The relevance of the research topic. Morphological, functional shifts correlate with changes in calcium-phosphorus metabolism and calcium-regulating mechanisms, bone mineral density, physicochemical parameters of the oral fluid occurring in the children’s organism with type 1 diabetes mellitus, thereby destroying the dental status. The scientific literature data on the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of diabetic osteopenia in children, as well as the connection of bone metabolism disorders with insulinpenia and hormonal imbalance, are single, and are in the accumulation stage of the material. In connection with this, clinical and laboratory and radiographic methods for diagnosing metabolic disorders of bone tissue, hard tissues of teeth and periodontium in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, depending on the severity of the course, the duration of endocrinopathy and the degree of control carbohydrate metabolism.

The use of laser technologies in medicine does not lose its relevance due to the unique photothermal and photochemical effects of laser light on tissue. In recent years, interest in laser technologies in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery has grown significantly due to the study of the biomodulating effect and the development of new harmonics of laser radiation. Stimulation of osteogenesis processes in the maxillofacial area is an actual problem of modern dentistry in the treatment of periodontal diseases, trauma of the maxillofacial area, orthodontic treatment, bone-plastic surgeons associated with remodeling of bone tissue. The effect of laser radiation with various parameters on the processes of reparative osteogenesis has been studied in numerous experimental studies of domestic and foreign scientists.

In periodontology, the plasmolifting technique is successfully used, based on the use of platelet-enriched autoplasm. Another promising method for the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases is programming of macrophages. The review analyzed information on the ability of tissue macrophages under the influence of environmental stimuli to acquire different phenotypes, including the classical M1 and the alternative M2. The first of them produces pro-inflammatory factors and promotes the development of an inflammatory reaction. The M2 phenotype produces anti-inflammatory factors and stimulates reparative processes in the tissue. A technique for reprogramming macrophages with a view to obtaining a therapeutic effect is described, the mechanism of its action.

The article presents the specific features of the clinical course of endoperiodontitis in patients with periodontal diseases. The research included the clinical examination of 197 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity in combination with localized endoperiodontitis. The control group was represented by 32 patients without periodontal pathology. The diagnosis of endoperiodontitis was made according to the classification of Professor L. N. Dedova 2002-2012 [1]. The main instrumental methods of diagnosing endoperiodontitis are the electric pulp test and probing of the pathological dentogingival pocket (DGP) that have 4.2 times higher prognostic significance compared to parameters of inflammation and gums bleeding index, suppuration from periodontal pockets, migration of teeth, positive percussion, tooth mobility, furcation involvement and presence of acute periodontal abscesses. Clinical studies revealed the greater range of diagnostic efficacy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) (94-98%) compared to orthopantomography (OPG) (71-79%) that indicates its priority among other radiographic diagnostic methods.

In recent years, in dentistry, quite often began to use medications with hyaluronic acid, which is associated with a large number of important biological functions, in which it is involved: participation in the processes of migration, proliferation and differentiation of cells, regeneration and maintenance of the water balance of tissues, participation in a number of interactions with surface cell receptors; providing the necessary viscosity of synovial fluid, elasticity of articular cartilage; participation in the system of innate immunity.

In this article the results of the local treatment of erosive and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa using gel-like coating based on «Argakol». The study was made on 32 patients between the age from 18 to 50 with acute and chronical traumas of the oral mucosa. The efficiency of medicine has been valued by certain criterias: condition of the wounds surface, defect’s size, hygiene index, pain syndrome subjective in points. The results of the gel-like coating «Argakol» application has demonstrated good local anti-inflammatory treatment and healing on the wound. Application of the medicine has reduced the pain syndrome and caused antibacterial action and surface cleaning. On 91% of the patients a full recovery of the acute injuries has been achieved five days, while the recovery took 2-3 days longer on the chronical wounds.

Lasers have long been used in dentistry, but the search for new concepts continues to this day. Fractional laser technology is a new method of treatment using a diode laser, which was proposed at the beginning of this century. Laser patterned microcoagulation (LPM) can be explained by the formation of tissue lesions (ablation) in the environment of a viable tissue. The tissue regeneration process can be regulated and optimized by appropriately selecting laser parameters, such as wavelength, pulse width, microcoagulation column size and density.

The article presents an analysis of the results of kinesiotaping in dental practice in the complex treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis and diseases of the temporomandibular joint. On the basis of semi-quantitative methods of research shows the efficacy of kinesiology tape for the relief of swelling and pain after the flap surgery, and arthralgia in the treatment of pain dysfunction and osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint.

The article presents the results of treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis using the «Vector» system with ozonized water in comparison with traditional methods. The use of this method of treatment contributes to the effectiveness of the therapy of chronic generalized periodontitis, an increase in the duration of remission without relapses, the coping of the inflammatory process in periodontal tissues in a short time, and also makes it possible to use it in persons who do not tolerate pharmacotherapy who have a history of comorbidities.

Oral hygiene is an integral part of periodontal therapy. Its importance in maintaining gum health is due to the need to control the formation and growth of microbial plaque — the main etiological factor in the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases.

The purpose of the round table with the participation of leading experts in the field of periodontics, held on October 26, 2017, was to consider the effectiveness and safety of using electric toothbrushes and to develop recommendations for their use as a daily oral care product. Based on the results of the meeting, it was concluded that electric toothbrushes with reciprocating movements of bristles and dynamic fluid flow (action) are most effective in providing the required level of cleaning of the tooth surface even in the most inaccessible areas.

Purpose. To study the features of the course of the post-traumatic period in patients with fractures of the lower jaw with periodontal disease.

Methods. The examination of patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases in the dynamics of treatment of fractures of the lower jaw was carried out.

Results. A relationship between the state of periodontal tissues and the development of infectious and inflammatory complications of mandibular fractures was revealed. The choice of the method of immobilization of fragments of the lower jaw affects the condition of periodontal tissues and the development of complications of fractures of the lower jaw.

Discussion. In patients with periodontitis with fractures of the lower jaw, the most optimal is the method of immobilization of fragments using intermaxillary fixation on titanium screws.

According to recent WHO studies, more than 80 percent of Russia’s population suffers from inflammatory periodontal diseases on average, and after 40 years their prevalence increases to 90процента. In recent years there has been a steady increase in the incidence among young and middle-aged people. The existing and continuing to expand the range of methods and tools for conducting this intervention poses a problem for the practicing physician to choose the most effective of them taking into account the aggregate of all their positive and negative properties. The aim of the study was to study in the experiment the ultrastructure of the tooth surface after the removal of tooth deposits and biofilms by various methods.

As a material for the study, the teeth of patients of both sexes of the permanent bite (60 samples), removed by periodontal indications with approximately the same number of tooth deposits, and were used. The surface treatment of the teeth was performed in vitro. In the course of the work, six groups were formed, each of which was examined for 10 teeth after removal of tooth deposits in various ways. With a visual evaluation of the electron diffraction patterns, a significant difference in the relief of the tooth root surface after its treatment by various methods is found. The ultrastructure of the tooth surface was studied after the removal of the tooth deposits by various methods. The greatest number of tooth deposits is determined after the manual method with the use of hooks to remove the denticulate deposits, the smallest-using the ultrasound method in combination with the technology vector.

A histochemical analysis of the state of enzyme systems of the gum in experimental periodontitis with the use of mildro-natewere presented.10-20 days after the formation of the periodontitis model in rats, the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatases, lipoamide dehydrogenase and nonspecific AS-esterase increases in the background of systemic application of mildronate in the gingival tissues, and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase decreases.In later terms (40-60 days), the use of the drug almost does not change the activity of acidic and alkaline phosphatases. In contrast to the control, in the late period of periodontitis development, mildronate reduces the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, lipoamide dehydrogenase and nonspecific AS-esterase, the most significant being a decrease in the activity of the isoenzyme fractions of lactate dehydrogenase-3 and AS-esterase-1.

The surface of the enamel of the incisors is an important zone in the adhesion of microorganisms and the subsequent occurrence of inflammatory periodontal diseases. The modern method of studying hard tissues of teeth is atomic force microscopy. This method allows to determine and measure the heterogeneity of enamel with an accuracy of several micrometers. The article contains data on the types and sizes of inhomogeneities in the enamel of the vestibular, lingual and contact surfaces of incisors.

To study the conditions of systemic and tissue immunity in chronic generalized periodontitis in syringomyelia patients the research was carried out in two groups of patients. The first group consisted of the chronic generalized periodontitis patients without syringomyelia (experimental group), the second one — of the chronic generalized periodontitis patients with syringomyelia (treatment group). Besides, parallel research was conducted among basically healthy people with intact parodontium. Т-В-cells, antibacterial antibodies to cytoplasmic antigen of staphylococci, A, M, G immunoglobulin of blood serum, the compliment level, lysozyme activity of blood, oral and crevicular fluids, the amount of crevicular fluids, and also the SIgA of oral and crevicular fluids were studied. The examination was done in remission and in the exacerbation phase of chronic generalized periodontitis. Changes in both systemic and tissue immunity were observed in all patients. In syringomyelia patients, however, the changes are specific. In the experimental group patients the reduction of A, M, G serum immunoglobulin was observed while in syringomyelia patients only IgA lowered. The level of IgG increased significantly, and also the tendency towards IgM increase was registered. The changes in cellular component of immune system mainly concerned Т- cells which resulted in the significant reduction of E-rosetting lymphocytes at all severity levels of chronic generalized periodontitis. Among nonspecific resistance factors the reduction of lysozyme and increase of compliment in blood were observed. The level of IgA, SIgA lowered while the level of IgG increased significantly in oral and crevicular fluids.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus, caused by alloxan, is characterized by systemic inflammation, development of inflammation in the periodontium, dysbiosis and a decrease in the mineralizing activity of bone tissue. Orthodontic surgery increases the level of antioxidant protection of periodontal disease, reduces the degree of inflammation and dysbiosis. Composition of antidisbiotic agents (quercetin + inulin + calcium citrate) has a hypoglycemic, antidisbiotic and anti-inflammatory effect, stimulates the mineralizing activity of the periodontal bone tissue.

Purpose. To study the features of the course of the post-traumatic period in patients with fractures of the lower jaw with periodontal disease.

Methods. The examination of patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases in the dynamics of treatment of fractures of the lower jaw was carried out.

Results. A relationship between the state of periodontal tissues and the development of infectious and inflammatory complications of mandibular fractures was revealed. The choice of the method of immobilization of fragments of the lower jaw affects the condition of periodontal tissues and the development of complications of fractures of the lower jaw.

Discussion. In patients with periodontitis with fractures of the lower jaw, the most optimal is the method of immobilization of fragments using intermaxillary fixation on titanium screws.

In this work, an immunological study of the oral fluid of patients with an erosive ulcerous form of red flat lichen was carried out. Patients were comparable by sex, age, clinical manifestations of the inflammatory-dystrophic process in the oral cavity. Patients in the complex treatment used the application of the drug Tizol with L-arginine. The quantitative content of mediators of immunity with pro-inflammatory-interleukin-1 beta (IL-lB), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) was measured by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) a), interferon-alpha (IFN-a) and anti-inflammatory action - interleukin-4 (IL-4) using standard kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Control of the effectiveness of treatment of patients with CPL was carried out on the basis of local cytokine profile and immunoglobulins before treatment and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st day of observation. As a result of drug therapy, a statistically significant decrease in their concentration was observed for all the defined indicators. However, the nature of the change at the observation stages was different.