Relevance. Morpho-functional changes in peripheral circulation established in type 1 diabetes mellitus correlate with changes in central hemodynamics, allowing the use of microcirculation indicators as diagnostic and prognostic criteria for assessing the degree of functional vascular disorders. Identifcation of microcirculation features of the blood by the method of laser Doppler flowmetry in children with different experience of type 1 diabetes in key age categories.

Materials and methods. The study included 67 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus aged 12-15 years with an experience of the disease from six months to ten years. The comparison group consisted of 38 healthy children. The state of the microvasculature was assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry using a laser analyzer for capillary blood flow LAKK-OP.

Results. In children with an experience of type 1 diabetes of less than two years, microcirculation disorders in periodontal tissues correspond to the hyperemic form, accompanied by increased perfusion, a decrease in the amplitude of low-frequency oscillations, increased heart rate, high blood flling, and blood flow bypass. For children with an endocrinopathy experience of more than three years, microcirculation disorders correspond to a stagnant form, combined with a decrease in perfusion due to stagnation of blood in the venular link, endothelial domination with suppression of neurogenic and cardiac fluctuations, low efciency and redistribution of blood flow in favor of the nutritive link.

Conclusions. With the increase in experience, the degree of compensation of type 1 diabetes, the progression of diabetic microangiopathy, it is advisable to designate two stages of development of microcirculatory disorders. Early – compensatory with active adaptation, including neurogenic and endothelial regulation mechanisms. Late – decompensation with passive adaptation, supporting the effectiveness of microcirculation due to myogenic control of regulation, shunting and increasing the rate of blood outflow.

Relevance: to indentify if periodontal treatment which is presented by photoactivated disinfection (PAD) adjunctively to scaling and root planing (SRP) yield better outcomes than ozone therapy as an adjunct to SRP in periodontitis.

Materials and methods: we examined 57 (mean age 49,3 ± 1,02) patients with chronic periodontitis, divided into groups, SRP + PAD, SRP + ozone therapy and SRP alone. Subgingival plaque samples were subjected to DNA extraction and real time PCR amplifcation for detection Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Tannerella forsythensis (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). The amount of periodontopathogens and clinical parameters including plaque index, clinical attachment loss, pocket depth, bleeding on probing were measured at baseline, after 40, 90 and 180 days.

Results: the results in groups of PAD+SRP and ozone therapy+SRP showed an improvement in all clinical parameters PI, BOP, PD, CAL and the quantity of Pg, Td and Tf compared to the control group during an observation period.

Conclusion: the results showed additional benefts from PAD and ozone therapy as an adjunctive treatment to SRP for patients of chronic periodontitis.

Relevance. To remove above-gum deposits and under-gum deposits air-abrasive methods are widely used. However, the mechanical properties of air-abrasive products are not known to ensure professional hygiene in the feld of exposure various tooth structures. In this regard more detailed studies on these issues are therefore needed. The aim of the present study was to undertake an comparative analysis of changes in the ultrastructure of the surface of tooth hard tissues when they are processed by powders consisting of sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, glycine and trehalose.

Materials and methods. The production of vertical teeth grinding, thickness 1-2 mm, removed by orthopedic or orthodontic indications; the processing of these sections by air-abrasive powders in compliance with the Protocol of use of these funds from the manufacturers during the professional hygiene and the study of the samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) by a special technique.

Results. The answer to the task was the data of comparative analysis of damage to the enamel surface as a result of processing by various air-abrasive systems and the determination of the least traumatic method of conducting professional oral hygiene in relation to the enamel surface.

Conclusions. Processing of enamel by air-abrasive method using powder based on trehalose, glycine and calcium carbonate, observing the recommended conditions for the use of these systems, does not lead to a signifcant change in the enamel ultrastructure, damage or deformation, unlike powders based on calcium bicarbonate. Therefore these systems can be recommended during maintenance periodontal therapy for the prevention of periodontal diseases and dental caries for a long period of time. However, the use of powder based on calcium carbonate is not desirable in the area of dental implants and orthodontic structures such as braces, since the powder remains on these surfaces unchanged and can subsequently cause an exacerbation of inflammatory processes in soft tissues.

Relevance. Increased dental abrasion frequent nosological form of dentistry. In young people, PSZ is less common (6.3%) than in middle-aged people (32.7%), as well as people of older age groups (11.8-20.6%). Among foreign researchers, "rejuvenation" of increased teeth abrasion is noted in many countries, including developed ones. In the UK, in dental clinics, this pathology is 30% among people under 30 years and 42.6% among people 30-50 years, in Sweden – 29.9%, in the United States of America – 25%. To study the tone of the masticatory muscles in patients with various forms of increased teeth abrasion.

Material and methods. A myotonometric examination and orthopedic treatment of 185 patients of the second period of adulthood (35-60 years) with increased abrasion of teeth in the clinic of dentistry of St. Petersburg state pediatric medical University.

Results. The paper presents qualitative indicators of myotonometry of masticatory muscles in patients with compensated and decompensated increased abrasion of teeth, which are compared with the norm.

Conclusion. A characteristic feature of patients with a compensated form of increased teeth abrasion is the absence or slight decrease in the height of the gnatic part of the face and increased functional tone of the masticatory muscles. For decompensated increased teeth abrasion is characterized by a combination of abrasion with a decrease in the height of the lower face and reduced functional tone of the masticatory muscles.

Relevance. In domestic and foreign professional literature there is a lack of aggregated consolidated data about immediate long span implant supported prosthesis which could be fundamental in making decision making process during the treatment planning stage, as well as at the estimation of quality of implant supported prosthetics. The aim of this study – the creation of a conceptual model of the standard implant prosthetics for edentulous patients.

Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination and implantation prosthetics 382 patients aged 38 to 84 years (211 women, 171 men) with 582 implant supported prosthesis of various types, supporting on implants "Nobel Replace Select / Groove», «Nobel Parallel CC», «Nobel Speedy Groove», «Nobel Trefoil CC» (3775 implants). We have created a new clinical and radiographic classifcation of implant-supported prosthesis for edentulous patients.

Result. As a result of the classifcation in the I (1-2 implants) class rallied 6.2% of implant supported prosthesis, to II class (3-4 implant, «TREFOIL» included) was assigned 19.2% of prostheses, to III class (5-6 implants) – 30.2% of replacement structures IV- to (7-10 implants) – 44%, and V – 0,3%. Meanwhile II, III, IV classes and I statistically revealed age differences.

Conclusions: We have sorted out fve main classes, 8 subclasses and 18 groups with 34 subgroups of implant supported prosthesis based on the number of abutments, type of prosthesis, retention method and the presence of unilateral or bilateral cantilever.

Relevance. One of the causes of chronic disease is herpetic infection, lifelong persistence in the human body and activates the macrophage protection system, which leads to disruption of iron utilization by the cells of the hematopoietic system and the development of anemia of chronic disease. To prove the influence of herpesvirus infection on the occurrence of anemia of chronic disease.

Materials and methods. The study involved 75 people suffering from herpes-viral infection. 3 groups were allocated: the frst group (25 people) received acyclovir 1 tablet (200 mg) 5 times a day, 5 days; The 2-nd group (25 people) used famvir for 1 tablet (250 mg) 2 times a day, 5 days; The third group (25 people) – famvir 1 tablet (250 mg) 2 times a day, 5 days and kagocel 2 tablets (12 mg) 3 times a day, 5 days.

Result. All subjects examined at the time of treatment showed an increase in the content of IL 1β mRNK and TNF-α and a decrease in mRNK of IL 8 and IL 10; on day 14 of the study, a decrease in IL 1β mRNK and TNF-α mRNK and an increase in IL 10 mRNK. In the study of erythrocyte indices – the average volume of erythrocytes and the average hemoglobin content in erythrocyte and the parameters of iron-serum iron metabolism and the total iron binding capacity of the serum, slight deviations from the norm were obtained.

Conclusions. Thus, we concluded that the cause of anemia, in addition to the lack of iron, can be chronic herpesvirus infection, and thus timely treatment of a viral infection excludes the use of ferrotherapy.

Relevance. Periodontal diseases are a medical and social problem due to the wide spread among the population of developed countries and the impact on the quality of life. Among the many factors that are important in the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases, an important role is played by adherence to the recommendations of the dentist in respecting oral hygiene. Aim of the work was to study the adherence of patients of the dental clinic to compliance with preventive measures in the oral cavity.

Materials and methods. A total of 98 patients of dental clinic, 62 female (medial age 38,6 ± 14,0 years) and 36 male (medial age 37,2±13,1 years) participated in survey. The study participants flled in the profle and answered questions about age, gender, harmful working conditions and bad habits, frequency of visits to the dental clinic, attitudes to the prevention of dental diseases, knowledge about the means and methods of oral hygiene.

Results. As a result of the study, it was found that in the vast majority of cases, respondents are employed in production that does not adversely affect their health (91%), only 8% of patients indicated harmful working conditions.

Conclusions. The study revealed that, despite the recommendations of the dentist, patients are not always committed to the implementation of preventive measures in the oral cavity. Dentists need to motivate patients to use not only the usual methods and means of hygiene, but also additional ones necessary for maintaining dental health.

Relevance. One of the main causes of periodontitis is oral dysbiosis, in which changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microflora occur, the systems of interaction between the microorganism and the microbiota are disturbed, and immunity is reduced. Is to study the comparative anti-disbiotic efcacy of various immunobiological preparations in patients with chronic apical periodontitis against the background of oral dysbiosis.

Materials and methods. The study included 66 patients who were divided into 2 groups: comparisons (n = 34) and main (n = 32). Each group was divided into three subgroups depending on the degree of dysbiosis of the oral cavity according to the method of A.P. Levitsky (2007): determination of the ratio of the relative activities of urease and saliva lysozyme. All patients underwent traditional endodontic treatment and oral hygiene with parallel correction of oral microbiocenosis through the use of a complex of immunomodulatory drugs to patients of the main group.

Results. In chronic apical periodontitis, urease activity was signifcantly increased, and in those examined with grade II-III dysbiosis almost 2 times compared with patients with grade I severity of clinical manifestations. The proposed treatment reduced the activity of urease in patients in all three subgroups of both groups (main and comparison). The results indicate a signifcant decrease in the activity of lysozyme in all patients more than 2 times. Conducted traditional treatment (comparison group) increased activity, but did not lead to a recovery in the rate of healthy individuals. The use of immunomodulatory drugs allowed to increase the level of lysozyme to the indicators of the control group.

Conclusions. The inclusion of immunobiological preparations in the complex therapy of chronic apical periodontitis against the background of oral dysbiosis eliminates the dysbiotic phenomena in the oral cavity and has a therapeutic effect on destructive processes in the periapical tissues that are difcult to treat and often recur.

Abstract Relevance. Improving the efciency of dental orthopedic care for patients with generalized periodontal disease is an actual modern problem.

Materials and methods. A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of various types of toothpaste in the postoperative period of dental implantation due to partial absence of teeth, periodontitis of moderate severity during gum recession was carried out. In group I (group I, n = 32), patients used a paste containing sodium bicarbonate, in group II (n = 25) – without sodium bicarbonate. Postoperative complaints and symptoms of reactive inflammation were monitored for 10 days; before the operation, after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after it – hygiene indices Silness J., Loe H., Muhllemen; PMA index.

Results. In general, the duration of postoperative reactive inflammation in the groups did not have signifcant differences, but in terms of the relief of edema, bleeding and the severity of breath from the mouth, the best results were in the patients of the group. The hygiene indices before the operation and immediately after it were comparable, but a month after the surgical intervention in patients of group I, all the hygiene indices were better, over time these differences increased and had a reliable character. The Muhlemann index was more dependent on the use of single-stage implantation technology using growth factor, while the PMA index, on the contrary, reflected the effectiveness of not only surgical technology, but also the quality of postoperative hygienic and therapeutic measures.

Conclusions. Studies have shown that the systematic use in the postoperative period of toothpaste containing sodium bicarbonate allows you to stop edema, bleeding and the severity of breath from the mouth, improves the performance of basic hygiene indices than other types of toothpastes.

Relevance: the prevalence and severity of chronic inflammatory periodontal diseases in multiple somatic diseases were assessed taking into account the gender and age of patients.

Materials and methods: a retrospective analysis of 841 "medical records of dental patients" of adult patients of both sexes aged 31 to 83 years who applied to dental clinics in Smolensk was carried out. Documented data on periodontal pathology and internal organs and systems diseases in patients were taken into account.

Results: it was established that the degree of severity of chronic inflammatory generalized periodontal disease in persons with somatic pathology is associated with the age of the patient, the duration and severity of the course of somatic diseases.

Conclusions: the result of the negative impact of somatic pathology on the periodontal condition is a violation of metabolic processes and tissue protection factors of the periodontal complex, which predisposes to the development of its lesion or accelerates the implementation of the existing periodontal factors.

Relevance. Numerous epidemiological studies have found a high degree of association between DM and periodontal disease, and periodontal disease has even been proposed as a sixth complication of DM. It has also been demonstrated that this relationship is bidirectional, with periodontitis exerting an effect on DM. These fndings have diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Thus, the high prevalence of periodontal disease in DM indicates the need to evaluate glucose levels in periodontal patients. Conversely, intervention studies have demonstrated that the treatment of periodontal disease improves the glycemic control of DM patients. To alert health professionals about the risk that periodontitis represents for the onset or exacerbation of complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and to emphasize that the mechanical treatment of periodontal disease and reestablishment of oral health are essential for the metabolic control of these patients.

Materials and methods. A review of the literature on the topic of 30 sources from them 5 domestic and 25 foreign data.Some researchers demonstrate the Periodontal screening must be part of the overall clinical examination of patients with diabetes and, if diagnosed, periodontal disease must be treated appropriately to avoid or exacerbate diabetes complications besides improving glycemic control in these individuals.

Results: In the postoperative period during the frst three days, patients of both groups had moderate soft tissue edema, slight flap hyperemia and palpation pain.

Conclusions. Increased knowledge of dentists, endocrinologists and the public is required to improve early diagnosis of diabetes, adequate management, prevention and treatment of dental diseases in patients with DM.

Relevance. Rehabilitation of patients with moderate to severe generalized periodontitis is a leading problem in periodontology. It was the determination of the prospects for immediate implantation in patients with chronic periodontitis, combined with the pathology of the tooth root and maxillary sinus.

Materials and methods. A group of 94 people with periodontitis and chronic odontogenic rhinosinus was observed who underwent sinus surgical treatment, tooth extraction and one-stage implantation with FRP growth factor according to the author's technology.

Results. The method showed high efciency on the basis of assessing the clinical, aesthetic result and restoration of bone density after surgery.

Conclusions. The developed technology is a promising direction, it allows to combine a high level of sanation of alveolar tissue with the advantages of immediate implantation, prevents bone atrophy, helps reduce the duration of treatment and the number of surgical and orthopedic interventions.